week 9

Bilingualism involves fluency, usage frequency, and acquisition context.

Language contact doesn't guarantee bilingualism; individual factors matter.

Bilingualism is complex and resists simple, single definitions.

Simultaneous bilinguals learn two languages early; sequential bilinguals learn L2 after L1.

Acquiring a second language without losing competence in the first.

Learning a dominant language leads to a decline in L1 skills.

Understanding a second language but struggling to speak it.

Separate linguistic systems for each language.

Enhances cross-cultural competence and marketability.

Identity is formed through social relationships and interactions.

A new, hybrid identity integrating elements from multiple cultures.

Social forces influence language and identity development.

Meadian identity is multiple and evolving, while Eriksonian identity is stable.

Group membership and the emotional significance attached to it.

Learning cultural and social norms through language.

Investment in learning and using both languages.

Difficulty integrating into social structures.

Increased cultural adaptability and psychological well-being.

Discomfort due to a power reversal between children and parents.

Used as a tool for negotiating identity in different social contexts.

The integration of multiple linguistic resources in communication.

Reflects a person's motivation to integrate into a language community.

It can marginalize minority language speakers.

To address social inequalities in education through inclusive learning strategies.

Social interaction and power structures.

Involves continuous adaptation and interaction with different cultural and linguistic influences.

It determines how individuals relate to and integrate into multiple cultural groups.

They shape self-perception and influence engagement with new linguistic and cultural communities.

Identity is a coherent and consistent process throughout adulthood

Language has no real impact on individuals