Bilingualism Unit 9 Questions PDF

Week 9: 1. What is one challenge in defining bilingualism? A) It involves multiple factors, such as fluency, frequency of use, and context of language acquisition B) It can only be measured through standardized tests C) All bilinguals must be fluent in both languages equally D) Bilingualism is alw...

Week 9: 1. What is one challenge in defining bilingualism? A) It involves multiple factors, such as fluency, frequency of use, and context of language acquisition B) It can only be measured through standardized tests C) All bilinguals must be fluent in both languages equally D) Bilingualism is always a temporary state 2. According to Li (2006), what is a limitation of defining bilingualism based solely on language contact? A) Language contact is irrelevant to bilingualism B) Not all individuals in language contact situations become bilingual C) Only early childhood language contact leads to bilingualism D) Bilingualism is always a result of extensive exposure 3. What is the primary argument of Baker and Prys Jones (1998) regarding bilingualism? A) Bilingualism is best measured through grammar proficiency B) Bilingualism is complex and cannot be reduced to a single definition C) Bilingual individuals must be literate in both languages D) Language dominance is the only factor in bilingual identity 4. What is the difference between simultaneous and sequential bilingualism? A) Simultaneous bilingualism is more effective than sequential bilingualism B) Sequential bilingualism leads to greater cognitive flexibility C) Simultaneous bilinguals acquire two languages from early childhood, while sequential bilinguals learn an L2 after L1 is established D) Sequential bilinguals never achieve full fluency 5. What is additive bilingualism? A) Learning an L2 at the expense of L1 B) Acquiring a second language without losing competence in the first C) A form of bilingualism that reduces cultural identity D) The process of learning multiple dialects of the same language 6. What is subtractive bilingualism? A) A form of bilingualism that enhances cultural integration B) When a minority language speaker learns the dominant language, leading to a decline in L1 skills C) A situation where L1 remains unaffected despite learning an L2 D) A bilingual process that occurs only in adulthood 7. What distinguishes receptive bilingualism from productive bilingualism? A) Receptive bilinguals understand a second language but have difficulty speaking it B) Productive bilinguals only read and write in an L2 C) Receptive bilinguals are fluent in both languages D) Productive bilinguals cannot process L2 input 8. What is a characteristic of coordinate bilinguals? A) They have separate linguistic systems for each language B) They blend both languages into a single system C) They require formal instruction to maintain bilingualism D) They are unable to switch between languages easily 9. What role does bilingualism play in professional contexts? A) It has no significant impact on job opportunities B) It enhances cross-cultural competence and marketability C) It only benefits interpreters and translators D) It is only relevant in academic settings 10. According to Erikson, what is a key characteristic of identity? A) It is a coherent and consistent process throughout adulthood B) It is fixed and does not change C) Identity is primarily shaped by genetics D) Identity is only influenced by early childhood experiences 11. What does the psychosocial view suggest about identity? A) It is formed through social relationships and interactions B) Identity is determined entirely by personal choices C) Social factors do not influence identity D) It is a purely cognitive process 12. What is the concept of "thirdspace" in bilingual identity? A) A place where bilinguals avoid using either of their languages B) A new, hybrid identity that integrates elements from multiple cultures C) The rejection of one’s first language for a second language D) A temporary identity state before full assimilation 13. According to Fought (2006), how is identity represented in popular media? A) As a tangible entity that can be found and displayed B) As a concept that has no real impact on individuals C) As something irrelevant to language and culture D) As a rigid structure that does not change over time 14. What does Sapir (1912) argue about identity? A) Identity is fixed at birth B) Social forces influence language and identity development C) Identity does not affect bilinguals D) Cultural norms have no effect on language learning 15. What is the difference between Meadian and Eriksonian views on identity? A) Meadian identity is multiple and evolving, while Eriksonian identity is stable B) Eriksonian identity changes based on social context C) Meadian identity remains constant across cultures D) Both theories reject the role of language in identity formation 16. According to Tajfel (1982), what is social identity based on? A) Group membership and the emotional significance attached to it B) Individual intelligence and learning ability C) Physical appearance and cultural background D) A fixed set of personality traits 17. What is language socialization? A) The process of learning cultural and social norms through language B) Memorizing vocabulary and grammar rules C) Avoiding interactions in an L2 D) The inability to acquire an L2 18. What is a key factor in bilingual identity development? A) Investment in learning and using both languages B) The ability to speak with a native accent C) Mastery of complex grammatical structures D) Avoiding cultural influences from an L2 19. What is one effect of identity confusion in bilinguals? A) Enhanced cognitive flexibility B) Difficulty integrating into social structures C) Improved academic performance D) Higher motivation in language learning 20. What is a common benefit of bilingual identity integration? A) Increased cultural adaptability and psychological well-being B) Loss of native language proficiency C) Reduced social interactions D) Limited ability to participate in multiple cultural contexts 21. What challenge do bilingual children often face when acting as family interpreters? A) Increased academic success B) Discomfort due to a power reversal between children and parents C) Stronger ties to their native culture D) Greater fluency in their first language 22. How does code-switching relate to bilingual identity? A) It is used as a tool for negotiating identity in different social contexts B) It is an indicator of incomplete language acquisition C) It is a sign of cognitive deficiency D) It prevents bilingual individuals from achieving fluency 23. What does translanguaging promote in education? A) The integration of multiple linguistic resources in communication B) The strict separation of languages in academic settings C) The elimination of minority languages D) The suppression of non-standard language use 24. How does investment in language learning relate to identity? A) It has no impact on identity formation B) It reflects a person's motivation to integrate into a language community C) Investment only applies to children learning an L2 D) It is only relevant for academic success 25. What is an implication of unequal power relations in bilingual classrooms? A) It helps bilingual students learn languages faster B) It can marginalize minority language speakers C) It eliminates the need for bilingual education D) It has no impact on language acquisition 26. What is the purpose of transformative pedagogy? A) To address social inequalities in education through inclusive learning strategies B) To promote monolingual education C) To eliminate bilingual identity development D) To focus solely on grammar instruction 27. What is a major factor influencing bilingual identity negotiation? A) Social interaction and power structures B) Mastery of technical vocabulary C) Memorization of grammar rules D) Avoidance of language mixing 28. How does bilingual identity negotiation relate to self-perception? A) It involves continuous adaptation and interaction with different cultural and linguistic influences B) It is a fixed process that does not change over time C) Self-perception in bilinguals is identical to that of monolinguals D) It only occurs when learning a language formally 29. What is the significance of socio-cultural connection in bilingual identity formation? A) It determines how individuals relate to and integrate into multiple cultural groups B) It prevents individuals from identifying with more than one culture C) It only applies to individuals who are fully fluent in both languages D) It is not a relevant factor in bilingual identity 30. According to Norton (2014b), what impact do imagined identities have on bilingual individuals? A) They shape self-perception and influence engagement with new linguistic and cultural communities B) They limit an individual’s ability to integrate into new environments C) They only apply to bilingual children D) They are irrelevant in language learning