Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four compositions of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (correct)

Autistic Disorder

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Asperger’s Syndrome

What is the estimated prevalence of autism in children according to the CDC?

1 in 36 (correct)

1 in 40

1 in 24

1 in 50

Which of the following signs or symptoms is characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Landmarks oriented social interactions

Frequent sharing of interests

Consistent eye contact

No joint attention skills (correct)

Which statement about the causes of autism is accurate?

Autism is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic group shows the highest prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Boys Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of incidental teaching?

To create opportunities for naturalistic learning. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the teaching approach associated with incidental teaching?

Natural and spontaneous. Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people can conduct teaching using incidental teaching methods?

Anyone the student interacts with. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using incidental teaching in educational environments?

It reduces the need for specific strategies for generalization. Signup and view all the answers

How do ABA therapists manage behaviors?

By observing and adjusting based on individual behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What type of qualifications do ABA therapists typically hold?

BA/BS degree in Applied Behavior Analysis or related fields. Signup and view all the answers

What behavior does incidental teaching aim to encourage when a child signals for an object?

Teaching the child to ask for the desired object verbally. Signup and view all the answers

Why might incidental teaching lead to less problem behavior in a learning environment?

It involves typical conversational exchanges. Signup and view all the answers

What is required to ensure the proper conclusion of a therapy session?

Sing or bid goodbye to the child Signup and view all the answers

Which item must be kept in place after the therapy session?

Session furniture and program materials Signup and view all the answers

What should be discussed with the family after the therapy session?

Daily session flow and observed behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym BAF/ABC Chart refer to?

Behavior Assessment Functional/Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence Signup and view all the answers

Why is behavior considered a form of communication?

Because behavior indicates the person's intentions and feelings Signup and view all the answers

How should session notes be managed after a therapy session?

They should be filled out and accomplished with designated forms Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical element of managing disruptive behaviors in therapy?

Identifying the reasons behind the behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines behavior?

All actions that can be observed and measured Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reinforcement in a child's learning process?

To maintain or strengthen actions or behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reinforcement involves using tangible items such as toys or food?

Tangible items Signup and view all the answers

How should verbal praise be delivered for it to be effective?

Describing the behavior specifically that was praised Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk of using tangible reinforcement if it is always available?

The child may become bored with the item Signup and view all the answers

Why might food be used as a reinforcement for certain children?

Because it provides immediate satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

What is a common benefit of using favorite activities as reinforcement?

They are enjoyable for both the parent and the child Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the limitations of using tangible reinforcement consistently?

They may lead to financial strain due to frequent searching Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason to use reinforcement?

To create lasting frustration Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of coming in early for a session?

It provides time for preparation and relaxation. Signup and view all the answers

Which greeting is more appropriate when addressing clients?

Sir/Mam Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked in the session area to ensure safety?

Potential choking hazards and sharp objects Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component to prepare for therapy materials?

Reinforcers like toys and interactive materials Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the ocular inspection of a client?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How should a session be conducted to maintain momentum?

By mixing challenging and easy programs in a 3:1 ratio Signup and view all the answers

What should be done at the end of the session?

End on a positive note with a preferred activity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason to prepare therapy materials?

To show off the provider's skills Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a mand in verbal behavior?

To request something directly Signup and view all the answers

Which verbal operant involves labeling objects based on their features?

Tact Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of an echoic response in a classroom setting?

The teacher confirms the correct repetition Signup and view all the answers

What describes the verbal operant known as intraverbal?

Asking questions or providing answers Signup and view all the answers

In verbal behavior, what is an autoclitic?

A higher level request that describes a want Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) for children?

To increase pivotal skills that contribute to overall success Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a verbal operant described in the document?

Conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What type of verbal operant is described when a child asks a question based on different content?

Intraverbal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by difficulties with social skills, communication, repetitive behaviors, and motor skills.
ASD is present in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups.
ASD is nearly four times more common in boys than in girls.
One percent of the world population has ASD.

Types of ASD

Asperger's Syndrome
Autistic Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

Autism Prevalence

The CDC's ADDM Network estimated the prevalence of ASD as 1 in 36 children worldwide.

Severity Levels of ASD

Level 3: Requires very substantial support. Severe deficits in social communication, very limited initiation of social interactions, and minimal response to social overtures.
Level 2: Requires substantial support. Marked deficits in social communication, social impairments apparent even with supports in place, limited initiation of social interactions, and reduced/abnormal responses.
Level 1: Requires support. Deficits in social communication cause noticeable impairments without appropriate supports. Difficulty initiating social interactions, and clear examples of atypical or unsuccessful responses to social overtures.

Signs and Symptoms of ASD

No joint attention skills
Repetitive behaviors/tasks.
Echolalia (Repeating words heard from another person or themselves)
Lining up toys or flipping objects
Greeting rituals
Needing to take the same route
Indifference to pain/temperature
Have adverse response to specific sounds or textures
Excessive smelling or touching of objects
Visual fascination with lights or movement
Catatonia

Causes of ASD

No single cause of autism is known; multiple gene changes or mutations are involved in some cases.
Heritability and genetic mutations account for 37-90% or 15% of autism cases, respectively.
Many causes are potentially related to: Advanced parental age at conception, maternal illness during pregnancy, certain birth difficulties (i.e., lack of oxygen), and environmental factors.

Treatments for ASD

Biological-based treatments: Gluten-Free/Casein-Free (GF/CF) diet, Auditory Integration Training, Stem Cell therapy
Non-biological-based treatments: Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA), Occupational Therapy (OT), Speech Therapy, Special Education (SPED)

Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) Therapy

ABA is an evidence-based practice to teach appropriate behaviors and eliminate inappropriate ones, improving social interactions.
Guided by theories of Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner.

Discrete Trial Training (DTT)

Structured training that involves breaking down tasks into small, manageable steps.
Uses clear instructions/signals; involves prompting and reinforcement.

Naturalistic Teaching Strategies (e.g., Pivotal Response Treatment, Incidental Teaching)

PRT (Pivotal Response Treatment): Aims to boost general skills important for success.
IT (Incidental Teaching): Utilizes naturally occurring circumstances (such as play) to teach skills.

How to deal with a child's incorrect response:

Use a neutral or affirmative tone for "informational NO".
Leave out "informational NO"-- pause without giving any response.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through this informative quiz. Delve into its types, prevalence, and varying severity levels. This quiz is designed to enhance your understanding of ASD's impact on communication and social skills.