Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four compositions of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (correct)
  • Autistic Disorder
  • Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
  • Asperger’s Syndrome

What is the estimated prevalence of autism in children according to the CDC?

  • 1 in 36 (correct)
  • 1 in 40
  • 1 in 24
  • 1 in 50

Which of the following signs or symptoms is characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

  • Landmarks oriented social interactions
  • Frequent sharing of interests
  • Consistent eye contact
  • No joint attention skills (correct)

Which statement about the causes of autism is accurate?

<p>Autism is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic group shows the highest prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

<p>Boys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of incidental teaching?

<p>To create opportunities for naturalistic learning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the teaching approach associated with incidental teaching?

<p>Natural and spontaneous. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people can conduct teaching using incidental teaching methods?

<p>Anyone the student interacts with. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using incidental teaching in educational environments?

<p>It reduces the need for specific strategies for generalization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ABA therapists manage behaviors?

<p>By observing and adjusting based on individual behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of qualifications do ABA therapists typically hold?

<p>BA/BS degree in Applied Behavior Analysis or related fields. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior does incidental teaching aim to encourage when a child signals for an object?

<p>Teaching the child to ask for the desired object verbally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might incidental teaching lead to less problem behavior in a learning environment?

<p>It involves typical conversational exchanges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to ensure the proper conclusion of a therapy session?

<p>Sing or bid goodbye to the child (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item must be kept in place after the therapy session?

<p>Session furniture and program materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be discussed with the family after the therapy session?

<p>Daily session flow and observed behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym BAF/ABC Chart refer to?

<p>Behavior Assessment Functional/Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is behavior considered a form of communication?

<p>Because behavior indicates the person's intentions and feelings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should session notes be managed after a therapy session?

<p>They should be filled out and accomplished with designated forms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical element of managing disruptive behaviors in therapy?

<p>Identifying the reasons behind the behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines behavior?

<p>All actions that can be observed and measured (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reinforcement in a child's learning process?

<p>To maintain or strengthen actions or behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reinforcement involves using tangible items such as toys or food?

<p>Tangible items (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should verbal praise be delivered for it to be effective?

<p>Describing the behavior specifically that was praised (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk of using tangible reinforcement if it is always available?

<p>The child may become bored with the item (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might food be used as a reinforcement for certain children?

<p>Because it provides immediate satisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common benefit of using favorite activities as reinforcement?

<p>They are enjoyable for both the parent and the child (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the limitations of using tangible reinforcement consistently?

<p>They may lead to financial strain due to frequent searching (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason to use reinforcement?

<p>To create lasting frustration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of coming in early for a session?

<p>It provides time for preparation and relaxation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which greeting is more appropriate when addressing clients?

<p>Sir/Mam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked in the session area to ensure safety?

<p>Potential choking hazards and sharp objects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component to prepare for therapy materials?

<p>Reinforcers like toys and interactive materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the ocular inspection of a client?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a session be conducted to maintain momentum?

<p>By mixing challenging and easy programs in a 3:1 ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done at the end of the session?

<p>End on a positive note with a preferred activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason to prepare therapy materials?

<p>To show off the provider's skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a mand in verbal behavior?

<p>To request something directly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which verbal operant involves labeling objects based on their features?

<p>Tact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of an echoic response in a classroom setting?

<p>The teacher confirms the correct repetition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the verbal operant known as intraverbal?

<p>Asking questions or providing answers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In verbal behavior, what is an autoclitic?

<p>A higher level request that describes a want (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) for children?

<p>To increase pivotal skills that contribute to overall success (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a verbal operant described in the document?

<p>Conditioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of verbal operant is described when a child asks a question based on different content?

<p>Intraverbal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.

Echolalia

Repeating words or phrases heard from others or oneself.

Lack of Joint Attention

A key characteristic of ASD where the individual avoids joint attention, like looking at the same object with others.

Repetitive Behaviors

The tendency for individuals with autism to engage in repetitive behaviors or routines.

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Causes of ASD

Causes of ASD are complex, but include genetic factors and environmental influences on early brain development.

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Antecedent

A behavior that is performed in response to a specific motivating operation or environmental stimulus.

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Mand

A verbal behavior that is used to request something or demand a response.

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Directly Effective Consequence

The consequence of a behavior that directly results in the desired outcome.

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Echoic

A verbal behavior that is used to repeat or imitate something that has been heard.

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Social Consequence

The consequence of a behavior that involves social interaction and is influenced by the approval or disapproval of others.

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Tact

A verbal behavior that labels or identifies something in the environment.

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Intraverbal

A verbal behavior that involves responding to a question or statement by providing information or an answer.

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Autoclitic

A higher-order verbal behavior that involves explaining, justifying, or commenting on other verbal behaviors.

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Incidental Teaching

A teaching approach that uses naturally occurring opportunities for learning, like playtime, to develop skills.

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Reinforcing Approximations

A key principle of incidental teaching where you shape a child's behavior by reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the desired behavior.

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Requesting Opportunities

In incidental teaching, the goal is to create situations where a child needs to make a request to get what they want.

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Prompting Strategies

A teaching approach that uses prompts and reinforcement to encourage a child to learn and make progress.

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Reinforcers

A key component of incidental teaching, where you use rewards to increase desired behaviors.

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ABA Therapist

A behavior analyst who applies the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA) to treat individuals with developmental disabilities.

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BCABA

A credential that demonstrates expertise in applied behavior analysis (ABA).

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Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA)

A certification that shows you're qualified to work with individuals with developmental disabilities.

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Client Inspection

Inspecting a client's head, face, arms, legs, trunk, and eyes for any signs of injury or illness.

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Session Routine

A schedule outlining the steps and activities of each therapy session.

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Reinforcement Schedule

The frequency of reinforcement for desired behaviors in a therapy program.

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Program Criterion

The specific level of performance required in a therapeutic program for a client to progress to the next stage.

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Program Phases

Different stages of a therapeutic program designed to gradually increase the difficulty of tasks and behaviors.

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Sandwiching Programs

Alternating more challenging therapy programs with easier ones to maintain client engagement and prevent burn out.

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Preparation for a Therapy Session

Preparing the necessary equipment and materials for a therapy session.

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Positive Momentum

Using positive reinforcement methods to encourage desired behaviors and promote a positive learning environment.

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Behaviors are communication.

All behaviors, both good and bad, are ways of communicating. Understanding the message behind the behavior is crucial for effective intervention.

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Developmental delays in autism.

Developmental delays are a common challenge faced by children with autism, impacting their communication, cognitive, and motor skills.

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Definition of behavior.

Behavior is all the actions a person takes, both positive and negative, and it's learned through experiences.

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Define behavior clearly.

Defining a behavior in clear terms is essential for effective intervention. Descriptive, action-focused language is key.

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Describe behavior objectively.

During therapy sessions, use specific language to describe behaviors, focusing on observable actions rather than subjective interpretations.

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Session notes.

The session notes provide a detailed record of the therapy session, including behaviors observed, interventions used, and any changes in the client's skills.

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Meeting with families after therapy.

Meeting with families after therapy sessions is vital for discussing child's progress, addressing behavioral challenges, and sharing strategies for generalization.

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Generalization.

Generalization refers to applying learned skills in new situations and settings, like transferring skills from therapy to home.

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Reinforcement

Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior happening again. It can be a reward, praise, or a favorite activity.

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Social Praise

Using praise, smiles, or other positive expressions to encourage a child's good behavior.

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Tangible Reinforcement

Giving a child their favorite toy, food, or sensory item to encourage desired behavior.

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Activity Reinforcement

Using a child's favorite activities as rewards, like going to the park or watching a video.

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Food Reinforcement

Using food as a way to encourage a child's behavior, especially if they don't respond to other types of reinforcement.

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Immediate Reinforcement

A reward that is given immediately after a desired behavior to increase the chances of that behavior happening again.

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Delayed Reinforcement

A reward that is given some time after a desired behavior to increase the chances of that behavior happening again.

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Study Notes

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

  • ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by difficulties with social skills, communication, repetitive behaviors, and motor skills.
  • ASD is present in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups.
  • ASD is nearly four times more common in boys than in girls.
  • One percent of the world population has ASD.

Types of ASD

  • Asperger's Syndrome
  • Autistic Disorder
  • Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
  • Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

Autism Prevalence

  • The CDC's ADDM Network estimated the prevalence of ASD as 1 in 36 children worldwide.

Severity Levels of ASD

  • Level 3: Requires very substantial support. Severe deficits in social communication, very limited initiation of social interactions, and minimal response to social overtures.
  • Level 2: Requires substantial support. Marked deficits in social communication, social impairments apparent even with supports in place, limited initiation of social interactions, and reduced/abnormal responses.
  • Level 1: Requires support. Deficits in social communication cause noticeable impairments without appropriate supports. Difficulty initiating social interactions, and clear examples of atypical or unsuccessful responses to social overtures.

Signs and Symptoms of ASD

  • No joint attention skills
  • Repetitive behaviors/tasks.
  • Echolalia (Repeating words heard from another person or themselves)
  • Lining up toys or flipping objects
  • Greeting rituals
  • Needing to take the same route
  • Indifference to pain/temperature
  • Have adverse response to specific sounds or textures
  • Excessive smelling or touching of objects
  • Visual fascination with lights or movement
  • Catatonia

Causes of ASD

  • No single cause of autism is known; multiple gene changes or mutations are involved in some cases.
  • Heritability and genetic mutations account for 37-90% or 15% of autism cases, respectively.
  • Many causes are potentially related to: Advanced parental age at conception, maternal illness during pregnancy, certain birth difficulties (i.e., lack of oxygen), and environmental factors.

Treatments for ASD

  • Biological-based treatments: Gluten-Free/Casein-Free (GF/CF) diet, Auditory Integration Training, Stem Cell therapy
  • Non-biological-based treatments: Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA), Occupational Therapy (OT), Speech Therapy, Special Education (SPED)

Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) Therapy

  • ABA is an evidence-based practice to teach appropriate behaviors and eliminate inappropriate ones, improving social interactions.
  • Guided by theories of Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner.

Discrete Trial Training (DTT)

  • Structured training that involves breaking down tasks into small, manageable steps.
  • Uses clear instructions/signals; involves prompting and reinforcement.

Naturalistic Teaching Strategies (e.g., Pivotal Response Treatment, Incidental Teaching)

  • PRT (Pivotal Response Treatment): Aims to boost general skills important for success.
  • IT (Incidental Teaching): Utilizes naturally occurring circumstances (such as play) to teach skills.

How to deal with a child's incorrect response:

  • Use a neutral or affirmative tone for "informational NO".
  • Leave out "informational NO"-- pause without giving any response.

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Related Documents

JLBTC Training Notes - Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) PDF

Description

Explore the intricacies of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through this informative quiz. Delve into its types, prevalence, and varying severity levels. This quiz is designed to enhance your understanding of ASD's impact on communication and social skills.

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