Understanding Attributions and Biases in Psychology
37 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are internal attributions based on?

  • Situational factors
  • Fundamental attribution error
  • Bias and errors
  • Personality-based explanations (correct)
  • Which attribution model describes the tendency to overvalue internal explanations for another person's behavior?

  • Fundamental attribution error (correct)
  • Covariation model
  • Three-dimensional model
  • Actor-observer discrepancy
  • What does the self-serving bias involve attributing successful outcomes to?

  • Actor-observer discrepancy
  • External causes
  • Internal causes (correct)
  • Bias and errors
  • When explaining our own behavior, what attribution are we more likely to use according to the text?

    <p>External, situational attribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bias refers to attributing internal factors for success and external factors for failure?

    <p>Self-serving bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to overemphasize internal characteristics to explain someone else's behavior?

    <p>Fundamental attribution error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that people tend to attribute behavior to internal or external causes based on the consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus of the behavior?

    <p>Covariation model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?

    <p>Self-serving bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of attribution considers consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness when explaining behavior?

    <p>Covariation Model of Attribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tendency to attribute others' behaviors to external causes rather than internal causes is known as:

    <p>Fundamental attribution error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines your reactions to others according to the text?

    <p>Your perceptions of them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences how we perceive others and how we act on our perceptions?

    <p>Our self-perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do implicit personality theories serve as?

    <p>Mental shortcuts in perceiving other people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to attribution theory, what does it explore regarding behaviors?

    <p>How individuals attribute the causes of behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In internal attribution, how are causes of behavior classified?

    <p>As factors internal to the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of information an individual considers when making an attribution, according to the text?

    <p>Consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of attribution theories, what does the Covariation Model propose?

    <p>It suggests that individuals attribute behavior to factors that are present every time the behavior occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Three-Dimensional Model of Attribution influence a person's future behavior?

    <p>By impacting attributions and expectations leading to future approach behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the amount of effort a person will put forth in similar situations in the future, according to attribution theory?

    <p>Attributions and perceptions about success and failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of making attributions, what is the significance of 'distinctiveness' as discussed in the text?

    <p>It highlights how an individual responds differently to various stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an individual with an internal locus of control believe?

    <p>They perceive people as active participants capable of influencing what happens to them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the covariation model, what does controllability refer to?

    <p>The extent to which a cause is able or unable to be controlled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do individuals with an external locus of control believe about the world?

    <p>They view events as uncontrollable and unpredictable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural factor values conformity, mutual support, and interdependence?

    <p>Collectivist cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between stable and unstable attributions?

    <p>Stable attributions are fixed over time, while unstable attributions changeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between internal attribution and external attribution?

    <p>Internal attribution emphasizes dispositional or personality-based explanations, while external attribution emphasizes situational factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what type of attribution would be made if someone believed that a person aced a test because the test was too easy?

    <p>External attribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the covariation model of attribution, what principle guides people in attributing behavior to specific causes?

    <p>Covariation principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one assumption underlying the covariation model of attribution?

    <p>People make causal attributions rationally and logically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the three-dimensional model of attribution differ from the covariation model?

    <p>The three-dimensional model considers individuals' personalities, behaviors, and situations simultaneously, while the covariation model focuses only on behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the just-world hypothesis suggest?

    <p>People get what they deserve and deserve what they get.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the covariation model of attribution, what is considered when determining the cause of an event?

    <p>Consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of attribution style attributes negative events to global, stable, internal causes?

    <p>Pessimistic explanatory style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the three-dimensional model of attribution, what are the three dimensions involved in making attributions?

    <p>Internal vs. External, Stable vs. Unstable, Global vs. Specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using an explanatory attribution, what does a person with an optimistic style attribute positive events to?

    <p>Global, stable, internal causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of attribution is focused on explaining events based on interactions between individuals?

    <p>Interpersonal attribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of attribution models, what is the opposite of an internal attribution?

    <p>External attribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Perception and Attribution

    • Internal attributions: dispositional or personality-based explanations
    • External attributions: emphasize situational factors

    Attribution Errors and Biases

    • Fundamental attribution error: over-valuing internal explanations and under-valuing external explanations
    • Self-serving bias: attributing internal factors for success and external factors for failure
    • Actor-observer bias: using external attributions for others' behavior and internal attributions for one's own behavior
    • Just-world hypothesis: believing that the world is fair and people get what they deserve

    Social Perception and Person Perception

    • Social perception: forming impressions of others based on limited information
    • Person perception: an active and subjective process that involves evaluating others' characteristics and motives
    • Three key components of person perception: the characteristics of the person being evaluated, the characteristics of the perceiver, and the specific situation

    Person Perception Principles

    • Y-YEP: reactions to others are determined by perceptions, not by reality
    • Expectations: evaluating people based on how they are expected to behave in a situation
    • Social norms: rules or expectations for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation
    • Self-perception: influences how we perceive others and act on our perceptions

    Implicit Personality Theories

    • A network of assumptions or beliefs about the relationships among various types of people, traits, and behaviors
    • Can be useful as mental shortcuts, but are not always accurate

    Attribution Theory

    • Explains how individuals attribute, or explain, the causes of their own and others' behaviors
    • Attributions are classified as either internal or external
    • Three types of information considered when making an attribution: consensus, distinctive information, and consistency

    Three-Dimensional Model of Attribution

    • Suggests that attributions and perceptions about one's own success and failure determine the amount of effort put forth in similar situations
    • Three components of attributions: locus of control, stability, and controllability
    • Locus of control: internal (seeing people as active participants) or external (seeing the world as happening to people)
    • Stability: attributions that are stable or unstable over time
    • Controllability: the extent to which a cause is controllable or uncontrollable

    Cultural Factors in Attribution

    • Individualist cultures value personal goals and independence
    • Collectivist cultures value conformity, mutual support, and interdependence
    • Cultural differences affect how people make attributions

    Attitudes

    • A learned tendency to evaluate some object, person, or issue in a particular way
    • Evaluations may be positive, negative, or ambivalent
    • Attributions can influence attitudes

    Attribution Models

    • Covariation model: assumes that people make causal attributions in a rational, logical fashion
    • Three-dimensional model: suggests that attributions and perceptions about one's own success and failure determine the amount of effort put forth in similar situations

    Explanatory and Interpersonal Attribution

    • Explanatory attribution: an attempt to understand the world and seek reasons for a particular event
    • Optimistic explanatory style: attributes positive events to global, stable, internal causes and negative events to specific, unstable, external causes
    • Pessimistic explanatory style: attributes negative events to global, stable, internal causes and positive events to specific, unstable, external causes
    • Interpersonal attribution: an attempt to explain the reasons for an event based on an interaction between two or more individuals

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Learn about internal and external attributions in psychology, as well as common biases and errors individuals make when attributing behavior to themselves and others. Explore concepts such as the fundamental attribution error, the self-serving bias, the actor-observer bias, and the just-world hypothesis.

    More Like This

    Attribution Biases in Psychology
    40 questions
    Psychology: Attribution and Biases
    10 questions

    Psychology: Attribution and Biases

    BreathtakingUniverse193 avatar
    BreathtakingUniverse193
    Psychology: Cognitive Biases and Attribution
    18 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser