Understanding AIDS and HIV

Study Notes

Understanding AIDS and HIV

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) results from the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, leading to severe immune system impairment.
AIDS signifies the final stage of HIV infection, marked by a collapse of the immune defense and increased susceptibility to diseases.
The immune deficiency results in organ failure and can ultimately lead to death.

Characteristics of HIV

HIV is a retrovirus with RNA as its genetic material.
It infects and destroys immune cells, particularly T lymphocytes, diminishing the body's ability to combat infections.
The transmission primarily occurs through contact with infected blood, bodily fluids, and during childbirth or breastfeeding.

Importance of Diagnosis

Diagnosis is critical when certain opportunistic infections (OIs) arise or when CD4 cell counts drop below 200 cells/ml of blood.
Common opportunistic infections include Kaposi sarcoma, Cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis pneumonia, and Candidiasis.

Impact on Vision

Approximately 70% of patients with advanced AIDS experience eye disorders due to a compromised immune response.
AIDS-related eye conditions include:
- HIV retinopathy
- Detached retina
- CMV retinitis
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva

Symptoms of HIV/AIDS

Symptoms vary widely among individuals; some may remain asymptomatic for years.
Common symptoms include:
- Fever and chills
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue and muscle aches
- Rash
- Headache
- Joint pain
- Sore throat and blurred vision
- Night sweats and swollen glands

Differences Between HIV and AIDS

HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS by progressively weakening the immune system.
An individual may be HIV-positive without developing AIDS for many years, as HIV can be managed effectively in some cases.

Modes of Transmission

HIV spreads through:
- Unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner
- Sharing needles or syringes
- Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Receiving contaminated blood transfusions

Current Status of Treatment

There is no cure for AIDS; once contracted, it remains a lifelong condition.
Early detection and treatment can manage HIV and prevent progression to AIDS, but opportunistic infections can still threaten health as the immune system deteriorates.

Description

This quiz explores the complexities of AIDS, a condition caused by the HIV virus, which severely weakens the immune system. Learn about the stages of HIV infection, the implications of having AIDS, and the underlying biological factors involved. Test your knowledge on this critical health issue.