Understanding ADHD-PI in Children

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Questions and Answers

What are common symptoms of children with ADHD-PI?

Anxiety and social withdrawal (correct)

Hyperactive behavior

Extreme aggressiveness

Excessive talking

Which subgroup of ADHD-PI involves children displaying notable hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms?

SCT children

Anxious children

Inattentive-impulsive children (correct)

Subthreshold ADHD-C children

Which factor is associated with children who have sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT)?

Mental confusion and daydreaming (correct)

Impulsive decision making

Excessive physical activity

Difficulty in social interactions

Why might some ADHD-PI children be less often referred to clinics?

They are less commonly recognized as a distinct disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes individuals with SCT from those with subthreshold ADHD-C?

SCT symptoms are often seen as a separate disorder. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a quality change in children transitioning from ADHD-C to ADHD-PI?

Decreased symptoms of hyperactivity–impulsivity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic often associated with ADHD-PI?

Organizational skills Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best indicates a common diagnostic challenge with ADHD-PI?

It may overlap with other learning disabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of children with ADHD-HI and ADHD-C presentations compared to those with ADHD-PI?

They are more likely to be aggressive and defiant. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the ADHD-HI presentation?

It mainly includes preschoolers and may not be a lasting diagnosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE about ADHD presentations ?

Presentation types are inconsistent and can change over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which presentation of ADHD is generally referred for treatment most often?

ADHD-C Signup and view all the answers

What issue do researchers face regarding the presentations of ADHD as specified in DSM-5?

They lack reliability and validity across different studies. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about ADHD presentations?

Children can only have one presentation of ADHD throughout their life. Signup and view all the answers

Which group of children is more likely to be suspended from school?

Children with ADHD-HI and ADHD-C. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ADHD-PI Characteristics

Children with ADHD-PI are primarily inattentive, easily distracted, and careless.
Common traits include disorganization, forgetfulness, and inability to sustain effort.
They may also exhibit learning disabilities and lower academic performance.

Often described as anxious and socially withdrawn, children with ADHD-PI may face mood disorders.
This presentation is prevalent in the general population but less frequently referred to clinics compared to ADHD-C.

Diagnostic Subgroups

ADHD-PI may encompass at least three subgroups, raising questions about qualitative differences from ADHD-C.
One subgroup includes those with significant inattention and subclinical hyperactivity-impulsivity.
Another group displays inattentive symptoms linked to sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), characterized by daydreaming, confusion, and lethargy.
SCT symptoms can coexist with ADHD or be viewed as a separate disorder in up to 50% of cases.

Age and Symptom Changes

A third subgroup consists of children who originally qualified for ADHD-C but exhibit a decline in hyperactivity-impulsivity with age, categorizing them into ADHD-PI.
ADHD-HI is the rarest form, primarily seen in preschoolers, often evolving into non-ADHD diagnoses later.

Referral and Treatment Patterns

ADHD-C children are more likely referred for treatment, often showing behavioral persistence issues.
They are also more prone to aggression, peer rejection, and school discipline problems compared to ADHD-PI and ADHD-HI individuals.

Research Findings and Classification

Distinctions between ADHD subgroups have not been fully supported by research, indicating potential instability in presentations over time.
Children diagnosed with ADHD-PI may later transition to ADHD-HI or ADHD-C, highlighting classification variability.
Studies suggest that changes in presentation types can occur based on symptom reporting methods and informant discrepancies.

Ongoing Issues in ADHD Research

The heterogeneity of ADHD symptoms complicates the reliability and validity of DSM-5 criteria.
Current understanding of ADHD presentations is evolving, indicating that literature inconsistencies may arise from mixing samples across different presentations.

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Description

This quiz explores the characteristics and challenges faced by children with ADHD-PI, including inattentiveness, distractibility, and disorganization. It provides insight into their academic struggles and potential learning disabilities, referencing literature that highlights these behaviors. Test your knowledge on this important topic related to child development and education.