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Questions and Answers
A patient presents with severe abdominal pain, guarding, and rigidity. History includes NSAID use. What is the most likely diagnosis, and which imaging study would best support it?
A patient presents with severe abdominal pain, guarding, and rigidity. History includes NSAID use. What is the most likely diagnosis, and which imaging study would best support it?
- Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy; Pelvic Ultrasound
- Acute Cholecystitis; Ultrasound
- Perforated Peptic Ulcer; Upright Chest X-Ray (correct)
- Diverticulitis; CT Scan with contrast
A young female presents with acute, severe lower abdominal pain, dizziness, and a positive pregnancy test. What is the most likely diagnosis, and what physical exam finding would be most indicative?
A young female presents with acute, severe lower abdominal pain, dizziness, and a positive pregnancy test. What is the most likely diagnosis, and what physical exam finding would be most indicative?
- Ovarian Torsion; Absent femoral pulse
- Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy; Shoulder pain (correct)
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Cervical motion tenderness
- Acute Urinary Infection; Costovertebral angle tenderness
An elderly male with a history of hypertension presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal and back pain. He is diaphoretic and hypotensive. Which of the following is the most critical initial diagnostic step?
An elderly male with a history of hypertension presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal and back pain. He is diaphoretic and hypotensive. Which of the following is the most critical initial diagnostic step?
- Electrocardiogram to evaluate for acute coronary syndrome.
- Complete blood count to assess for infection.
- Abdominal CT angiography to rule out vascular emergencies. (correct)
- Amylase and lipase levels to rule out pancreatitis.
A patient presents with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and jaundice. Which of the following sets of laboratory findings would be most consistent with acute cholangitis?
A patient presents with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and jaundice. Which of the following sets of laboratory findings would be most consistent with acute cholangitis?
A patient with a history of atrial fibrillation presents with sudden, severe abdominal pain out of proportion to physical exam findings. What diagnosis should be highly suspected, and what is the best initial diagnostic test?
A patient with a history of atrial fibrillation presents with sudden, severe abdominal pain out of proportion to physical exam findings. What diagnosis should be highly suspected, and what is the best initial diagnostic test?
A patient presents with left lower quadrant pain, fever, and a change in bowel habits. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis and a potential complication?
A patient presents with left lower quadrant pain, fever, and a change in bowel habits. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis and a potential complication?
A young, sexually active female presents with lower abdominal pain, fever, and vaginal discharge. Physical exam reveals cervical motion tenderness. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A young, sexually active female presents with lower abdominal pain, fever, and vaginal discharge. Physical exam reveals cervical motion tenderness. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A patient presents with severe flank pain radiating to the groin, along with hematuria. What is the most likely diagnosis, and which imaging study is typically used for confirmation?
A patient presents with severe flank pain radiating to the groin, along with hematuria. What is the most likely diagnosis, and which imaging study is typically used for confirmation?
A patient experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diffuse abdominal cramping, but no fever, is suspected of having gastroenteritis. What would be an important question to ask to help confirm this diagnosis and rule out other conditions?
A patient experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diffuse abdominal cramping, but no fever, is suspected of having gastroenteritis. What would be an important question to ask to help confirm this diagnosis and rule out other conditions?
A patient presents with sudden onset of severe, constant abdominal pain. Physical exam reveals significant abdominal distension, guarding, absent bowel sounds and marked tenderness upon palpation, and a history of cardiac disease. Which of the following diagnoses should be of highest concern for the patient's condition, given their history and presentation?
A patient presents with sudden onset of severe, constant abdominal pain. Physical exam reveals significant abdominal distension, guarding, absent bowel sounds and marked tenderness upon palpation, and a history of cardiac disease. Which of the following diagnoses should be of highest concern for the patient's condition, given their history and presentation?
Which condition is characterized by the sudden blockage of blood flow to the small intestine?
Which condition is characterized by the sudden blockage of blood flow to the small intestine?
A patient presents with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and elevated bilirubin levels. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
A patient presents with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and elevated bilirubin levels. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
Which of the following conditions primarily affects the female reproductive organs and can cause lower abdominal pain?
Which of the following conditions primarily affects the female reproductive organs and can cause lower abdominal pain?
A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease presents with a sudden increase in abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis. What is the most concerning immediate complication?
A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease presents with a sudden increase in abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis. What is the most concerning immediate complication?
Which condition involves the twisting of the ovary and can lead to acute, severe pelvic pain?
Which condition involves the twisting of the ovary and can lead to acute, severe pelvic pain?
A patient presents with severe, sudden abdominal pain radiating to the back, accompanied by hypotension and dizziness. Which condition should be immediately suspected?
A patient presents with severe, sudden abdominal pain radiating to the back, accompanied by hypotension and dizziness. Which condition should be immediately suspected?
Which of the following is not typically associated with lower abdominal pain?
Which of the following is not typically associated with lower abdominal pain?
What is the primary characteristic of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
What is the primary characteristic of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
A patient presents with colicky flank pain radiating to the groin, along with hematuria and nausea. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A patient presents with colicky flank pain radiating to the groin, along with hematuria and nausea. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which condition is marked by diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and vomiting, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection?
Which condition is marked by diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and vomiting, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection?
Flashcards
Acute Abdomen
Acute Abdomen
Sudden, severe abdominal pain requiring urgent diagnosis and treatment.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Damaged stomach or duodenal lining, often causing pain, bleeding, or perforation.
Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the digestive tract, leading to diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.
Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis
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Acute Cholelithiasis
Acute Cholelithiasis
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Acute Cholangitis
Acute Cholangitis
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Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy
Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy
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Ovarian Torsion
Ovarian Torsion
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
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Acute Urinary Infection
Acute Urinary Infection
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Nephrolithiasis
Nephrolithiasis
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Acute Pyelonephritis
Acute Pyelonephritis
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Acute Coronary Disease
Acute Coronary Disease
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Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
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Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
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Study Notes
- Acute abdomen is sudden, severe abdominal pain needing quick diagnosis and treatment.
- Conditions include peptic ulcer disease, gastroenteritis, diverticulitis, acute cholelithiasis, and acute cholangitis.
- Also includes ruptured ectopic pregnancy, ovarian torsion, pelvic inflammatory disease, acute urinary infection, and nephrolithiasis.
- Further conditions are acute pyelonephritis, acute coronary disease, acute mesenteric ischemia, and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).
- Diagnosis uses physical examination to assess the patient.
- Choose a main diagnosis and two differential diagnoses based on assessment.
- Select and justify appropriate lab and imaging studies to support the main diagnosis.
- Interpret study results to confirm diagnosis and guide treatment.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
- Painful sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
Gastroenteritis
- An intestinal infection marked by diarrhea, cramps, nausea, vomiting, and fever
Diverticulitis
- An infection or inflammation of pouches that can form in intestines.
Acute Cholelithiasis
- Sudden inflammation of the gallbladder, typically caused by gallstones
Acute Cholangitis
- A severe infection of the bile duct
Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy
- A fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube, and ruptures
Ovarian Torsion
- Twisting of an ovary and sometimes the fallopian tube, cutting off blood supply
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- An infection of the female reproductive organs
Acute Urinary Infection
- A sudden infection in any part of the urinary system
Nephrolithiasis
- The presence of kidney stones in the kidney
Acute Pyelonephritis
- A sudden and severe kidney infection
Acute Coronary Disease
- Characterized by a sudden reduction of blood flow to the heart
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
- A condition where blood supply to the small intestine is suddenly blocked
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
- A bulge in the wall of the aorta within the abdomen ruptures
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Description
Explore the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of acute abdomen. Understand the key conditions like peptic ulcer disease and ruptured AAA. Learn how to choose a main diagnosis and differential diagnoses based on patient assessment.
