Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common cause of fainting known as vasovagal syncope?
What is a common cause of fainting known as vasovagal syncope?
- Overreaction of the sinoaortic baroreflex arc (correct)
- Sudden emotional distress
- Internal bleeding
- Low blood pressure due to dehydration
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disorder that can lead to physical disability.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disorder that can lead to physical disability.
False (B)
What are the two types of chromosomes that determine an individual's sex?
What are the two types of chromosomes that determine an individual's sex?
Sex chromosomes
In shaping, behaviors are reinforced through ___________ to reach a final behavior.
In shaping, behaviors are reinforced through ___________ to reach a final behavior.
Match the following conditions or terms with their descriptions:
Match the following conditions or terms with their descriptions:
What is a major function of the first 22 pairs of chromosomes?
What is a major function of the first 22 pairs of chromosomes?
A dominant gene requires two copies to determine a trait.
A dominant gene requires two copies to determine a trait.
What does the term 'syncope' refer to?
What does the term 'syncope' refer to?
What is a primary characteristic of psychological disorders?
What is a primary characteristic of psychological disorders?
A phobia can be classified as a psychological disorder.
A phobia can be classified as a psychological disorder.
What does 'psychological dysfunction' refer to?
What does 'psychological dysfunction' refer to?
A greater deviation from cultural norms implies a __________ level of abnormality.
A greater deviation from cultural norms implies a __________ level of abnormality.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Which of the following indicates a psychological disorder?
Which of the following indicates a psychological disorder?
Pain is not a factor in the definition of psychological disorders.
Pain is not a factor in the definition of psychological disorders.
What does DSM-5 stand for?
What does DSM-5 stand for?
What are the three dominant traditions mentioned in the context of abnormal behavior?
What are the three dominant traditions mentioned in the context of abnormal behavior?
Acute onset disorders develop gradually over an extended period.
Acute onset disorders develop gradually over an extended period.
What term is used to describe the anticipated course of a disorder?
What term is used to describe the anticipated course of a disorder?
During the last quarter of the 14th century, society began to believe more strongly in the existence of __________ as a cause of deviant behavior.
During the last quarter of the 14th century, society began to believe more strongly in the existence of __________ as a cause of deviant behavior.
Match the following courses of disorders with their descriptions:
Match the following courses of disorders with their descriptions:
What does a 'guarded' prognosis signify?
What does a 'guarded' prognosis signify?
The Supernatural Tradition viewed deviant behavior as a reflection of internal psychological issues.
The Supernatural Tradition viewed deviant behavior as a reflection of internal psychological issues.
What were common treatments during the Supernatural Tradition's belief system?
What were common treatments during the Supernatural Tradition's belief system?
What type of gene must be paired with another recessive gene to determine a trait?
What type of gene must be paired with another recessive gene to determine a trait?
Huntington's disease is a dominant genetic disorder that manifests in early middle age.
Huntington's disease is a dominant genetic disorder that manifests in early middle age.
What is the human genome?
What is the human genome?
The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another is called the ______.
The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another is called the ______.
Match the following genetic concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following genetic concepts with their descriptions:
What brain area is primarily affected in Huntington's disease?
What brain area is primarily affected in Huntington's disease?
Molecular genetics examines the behavior of entire populations rather than individual genes.
Molecular genetics examines the behavior of entire populations rather than individual genes.
The ______ transmits impulses away from the neuron.
The ______ transmits impulses away from the neuron.
Which neurotransmitter is known for its role in mood regulation and is often associated with depression?
Which neurotransmitter is known for its role in mood regulation and is often associated with depression?
The diathesis–stress model explains how genetic predispositions can lead to mental health disorders only due to environmental stressors.
The diathesis–stress model explains how genetic predispositions can lead to mental health disorders only due to environmental stressors.
What chemical messenger is produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress?
What chemical messenger is produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress?
The __________ system is responsible for regulatory hormones produced by the pituitary gland.
The __________ system is responsible for regulatory hormones produced by the pituitary gland.
Which of the following neurotransmitters is commonly associated with anxiety disorders?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is commonly associated with anxiety disorders?
Match the following glands with their functions:
Match the following glands with their functions:
Stress and nutrition can have an impact on an individual's epigenome.
Stress and nutrition can have an impact on an individual's epigenome.
What is the term for the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself?
What is the term for the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself?
Study Notes
Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context
- Atypical behavior is defined as reactions that fall outside cultural norms, highlighting psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment.
- Psychological disorder encompasses a psychological dysfunction that leads to distress, impairment, or behavior not typical or culturally expected.
- Phobia is a specific disorder marked by persistent fear of objects or situations, resulting in significant distress.
Understanding Psychological Disorders
- Psychological dysfunction signifies a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.
- DSM-5 provides diagnostic criteria indicating unexpected behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions tied to cultural context and associated with distress.
- Individual patterns of disorders can be chronic, episodic, or time-limited, influencing treatment and prognosis.
Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior
- Key historical traditions in understanding abnormal behavior include:
- Supernatural model: Deviant behavior viewed as a battle between good and evil, with treatments like exorcism.
- Biological model: Societal beliefs evolving to recognize natural causes over superstition.
- Psychological model: Understanding behavior through psychological theories and treatments.
Genetic Contributions to Psychopathology
- Genes, composed of DNA within chromosomes, contribute to the manifestation of traits and disorders.
- Dominant and recessive gene interactions can predict the likelihood of traits such as eye color or disorders like Huntington's disease.
- Huntington's disease manifests in middle age, affecting personality, cognitive functioning, and motor control.
Interaction of Genes and the Environment
- Learning influences genetic structure, leading to changes in behavior and potential activation of dormant genes.
- The diathesis-stress model suggests individuals inherit tendencies that may be activated under stress, contributing to psychological disorders.
- Epigenetics examines how environmental factors can persistently affect gene expression across generations.
Neurotransmitters and Endocrine Functions
- Major neurotransmitters associated with psychopathology include norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and glutamate, with imbalances linked to various disorders.
- The endocrine system, with glands like the adrenal and thyroid glands, produces hormones such as cortisol and thyroxine that affect energy metabolism and stress responses.
- The pituitary gland functions as a master gland, regulating various hormones critical for growth and stress responses.
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Description
Explore the definitions and historical views of abnormal behavior and psychological disorders. This quiz delves into concepts such as atypical behavior, phobias, and the diagnostic criteria set forth by the DSM-5. Gain insights into how cultural standards influence the perception of psychological dysfunction.
