23 Questions
What was the primary goal of the residential schools in Canada?
To assimilate Indigenous children to Canadian culture
According to Statistics Canada, what was found to be lower among recent immigrants compared to Canadian-born citizens?
Rates of schizophrenia
In the diathesis-stress model, what is an example of a diathesis?
A genetic predisposition for schizophrenia
What is the diathesis-stress model primarily used to explain?
The development of mental health disorders
What is NOT a factor in the diathesis-stress model?
Socio-economic status
What is a consequence of choosing a paradigm to understand abnormal behaviour?
It leads to an overly narrow perspective of mental disorders and their treatments.
Which of the following explanations for symptoms would be typical of the biological paradigm?
There is an apparent genetic predisposition for delusions.
What is intelligence best viewed as an index of?
Phenotype
Which relative of a person with bipolar disorder has the highest risk of developing the disorder?
Monozygotic twin sister
What does molecular genetics approach involve?
Identifying a particular gene or genes involved in the development of disorders.
What can be a cause of mental disorders?
Any of the above
Which paradigm is likely to focus on the role of genetics in abnormal behaviour?
Biological paradigm
What can be a result of having a close relative with a mental disorder?
An increased risk of developing a mental disorder.
What is the sound of the car in the context of Jimmy's behavior?
A conditioned stimulus
What type of learning principle is illustrated when the child watches her father prepare lunch?
Modelling
What is the primary assumption of the psychoanalytic paradigm regarding psychopathology?
Unconscious conflicts
How does the ego operate according to the psychoanalytic paradigm?
Reality principle; secondary process
What is the primary function of defence mechanisms?
Protecting the ego from anxiety
What is the primary emphasis of client-centered therapy?
All of the above
What is the relationship between people and the environment?
Complicated – people can both influence and be influenced by the environment
What is the phenomenon linked to Chloe's lifestyle?
Affluenza
What is the '100-year experiment' conducted by the Canadian government?
The attempt to eliminate mental illness amongst Indigenous children in Canada
What is the relationship between bullying and abnormal behaviour?
It's unclear whether bullying precedes or results from abnormal behaviour
Study Notes
Abnormal Behaviour and Paradigms
- Choosing a paradigm to understand abnormal behaviour leads to an overly narrow perspective of mental disorders and their treatments.
- The biological paradigm attributes Michael's delusions to an apparent genetic predisposition or an excess of neurotransmitters.
Intelligence and Genetics
- Intelligence is best viewed as an index of phenotype.
- Molecular genetics identifies a particular gene or genes involved in the development of disorders.
Risk of Developing Disorders
- A person's relatives have varying risks of developing bipolar disorder, with the highest risk being the fraternal (dizygotic) twin sister.
Mental Disorders and Neurotransmitters
- Mental disorders can be the result of deficiencies in different neurotransmitters, such as serotonin.
Classical Conditioning
- The sound of a car is a conditioned stimulus in Jimmy's example, as he runs to the door expecting his mother to come home.
- Classical conditioning is evident when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a conditioned response.
Learning Principles
- The child spreading mayonnaise on bread is an illustration of modelling, as she learns by observing and imitating her father's actions.
Psychoanalytic Paradigm
- The psychoanalytic paradigm assumes that psychopathology is the result of unconscious conflicts.
- The ego operates according to the reality principle and uses secondary process thinking to meet its needs.
Defence Mechanisms
- Defence mechanisms aid in protecting the ego from anxiety.
- Resistance is a defence mechanism that occurs when an individual screens their thoughts and does not report everything that comes to mind during free association.
Client-Centered Therapy
- A major emphasis of client-centered therapy is unconditional positive regard.
Empathy and Therapy
- Being empathic can lead to positive effects for clients, and this is true regardless of the therapist's experience.
Environment and Human Behaviour
- The relationship between people and the environment is complicated, with people influencing and being influenced by the environment.
Affluenza
- Chloe's lifestyle can be summed up as "privileged but pressured," which is linked to the phenomenon of affluenza.
Bullying and Abnormal Behaviour
- It's unclear whether bullying precedes or results from abnormal behaviour.
The "100-Year Experiment"
- The "100-year experiment" refers to the placement of Indigenous children in residential schools ran by the federal government.
The "Healthy Immigrant Effect"
- The "healthy immigrant effect" refers to the finding that recent immigrants have lower rates of mental disorders in comparison to Canadian-born citizens.
Diathesis-Stress Model
- A genetic predisposition for schizophrenia is an example of a diathesis according to the diathesis-stress model.
Test your knowledge of abnormal behavior, including paradigms, mental disorders, and treatment approaches. This quiz covers key concepts in psychology.
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