Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key difference between surface mining and underground mining?
What is a key difference between surface mining and underground mining?
- Surface mining has a higher cost of $50-$200/tonne excluding processing, while underground mining has a lower cost of $2-$5/tonne excluding processing.
- Surface mining is not selective, extracting both ore and waste, while underground mining is selective, extracting only the ore. (correct)
- Surface mining is more expensive than underground mining due to equipment restrictions.
- Surface mining is safer due to working in an open environment, while underground mining is riskier.
What factor determines whether a mine starts on the surface and then goes underground?
What factor determines whether a mine starts on the surface and then goes underground?
- Mining depth
- Stripping ratio (correct)
- Ore density
- Mining equipment cost
What percentage of the mined ore in Canada was obtained via underground mining in 2002?
What percentage of the mined ore in Canada was obtained via underground mining in 2002?
- 24%
- 8%
- 32%
- 16% (correct)
What is a characteristic of surface mining equipment?
What is a characteristic of surface mining equipment?
Why must high grade be mined in underground mining?
Why must high grade be mined in underground mining?
What is the primary purpose of leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars in underground mines?
What is the primary purpose of leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars in underground mines?
Which term refers to valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit?
Which term refers to valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit?
What is the primary purpose of ventilation in underground mining?
What is the primary purpose of ventilation in underground mining?
Which Canadian city holds one of the world's largest nickel deposits?
Which Canadian city holds one of the world's largest nickel deposits?
What is the primary function of a fresh air raise and exhaust air raise in underground mines?
What is the primary function of a fresh air raise and exhaust air raise in underground mines?
What is shotcrete used for in ground control?
What is shotcrete used for in ground control?
What is the ultimate objective of exploration in mining?
What is the ultimate objective of exploration in mining?
What is Hydrafil used for in mining?
What is Hydrafil used for in mining?
What is the purpose of rock bolters in mining operations?
What is the purpose of rock bolters in mining operations?
What are Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles essential for in underground mining?
What are Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles essential for in underground mining?
What is the approximate cost range per tonne for surface mining, excluding processing?
What is the approximate cost range per tonne for surface mining, excluding processing?
What is the approximate cost range per tonne for underground mining, excluding processing?
What is the approximate cost range per tonne for underground mining, excluding processing?
What percentage of the mined ore in Canada was obtained via underground mining in 2002?
What percentage of the mined ore in Canada was obtained via underground mining in 2002?
What is the primary reason for leaving waste in place in underground mining?
What is the primary reason for leaving waste in place in underground mining?
What is the key parameter that determines when a mine transitions from surface to underground mining?
What is the key parameter that determines when a mine transitions from surface to underground mining?
What is the primary determinant of the extent of an ore body in underground mining?
What is the primary determinant of the extent of an ore body in underground mining?
What is the primary purpose of leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars in underground mines?
What is the primary purpose of leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars in underground mines?
What is the key function of rock bolting in underground mining operations?
What is the key function of rock bolting in underground mining operations?
What is the purpose of the fresh air raise and exhaust air raise in underground mines?
What is the purpose of the fresh air raise and exhaust air raise in underground mines?
What is the primary purpose of ventilation in underground mining?
What is the primary purpose of ventilation in underground mining?
What is the purpose of Hydrafil in mining?
What is the purpose of Hydrafil in mining?
What is the primary function of Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles in underground mining?
What is the primary function of Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles in underground mining?
What is the ultimate objective of exploration in mining?
What is the ultimate objective of exploration in mining?
What is the purpose of shotcrete in ground control?
What is the purpose of shotcrete in ground control?
What factors affect underground mining methods?
What factors affect underground mining methods?
Match the mining method with its characteristic:
Match the mining method with its characteristic:
Match the mining method with its cost range per tonne, excluding processing:
Match the mining method with its cost range per tonne, excluding processing:
Match the mining method with its safety characteristic:
Match the mining method with its safety characteristic:
Match the mining method with its equipment characteristic:
Match the mining method with its equipment characteristic:
Match the country with its mining industry characteristic:
Match the country with its mining industry characteristic:
Match the following mining terms with their definitions:
Match the following mining terms with their definitions:
Match the following mining support systems with their descriptions:
Match the following mining support systems with their descriptions:
Match the following mining activities with their descriptions:
Match the following mining activities with their descriptions:
Match the following mining terms with their specific functions:
Match the following mining terms with their specific functions:
Match the following minerals/metals with their status in Canada:
Match the following minerals/metals with their status in Canada:
Match the mining equipment with their corresponding functions:
Match the mining equipment with their corresponding functions:
Match the mining vehicles with their primary functions:
Match the mining vehicles with their primary functions:
Match the factors affecting underground mining methods with their descriptions:
Match the factors affecting underground mining methods with their descriptions:
Match the types of dilution in mining with their sources:
Match the types of dilution in mining with their sources:
Match the objectives of exploration in mining with their descriptions:
Match the objectives of exploration in mining with their descriptions:
Underground mining is less expensive than surface mining per tonne, excluding processing.
Underground mining is less expensive than surface mining per tonne, excluding processing.
Surface mining is safer than underground mining due to the open work environment.
Surface mining is safer than underground mining due to the open work environment.
Canada mined over 4,100 Mt of ore in 2002, with 16% obtained via underground mining.
Canada mined over 4,100 Mt of ore in 2002, with 16% obtained via underground mining.
High grade must be mined in underground mining to justify the high cost per tonne.
High grade must be mined in underground mining to justify the high cost per tonne.
Shotcrete is used to prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening.
Shotcrete is used to prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening.
Hydrafil is a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope.
Hydrafil is a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope.
Jumbo drilling equipment is primarily used in longhole stoping mining method.
Jumbo drilling equipment is primarily used in longhole stoping mining method.
Rock bolters are used to install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations.
Rock bolters are used to install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations.
Trackless scooptrams transport blasted rock from stopes long distances to trucks or ore passes.
Trackless scooptrams transport blasted rock from stopes long distances to trucks or ore passes.
Underground trucks have capacities ranging from 26 to 50 tonnes for transporting blasted rock from stopes.
Underground trucks have capacities ranging from 26 to 50 tonnes for transporting blasted rock from stopes.
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles primarily involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping.
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles primarily involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping.
The ultimate objective of exploration in mining is to predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization.
The ultimate objective of exploration in mining is to predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization.
Dilution in mining can have different sources, including geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution, affecting the ore stream.
Dilution in mining can have different sources, including geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution, affecting the ore stream.
Underground mining methods depend only on deposit size and shape.
Underground mining methods depend only on deposit size and shape.
Factors affecting underground mining methods include capital costs, operating costs, ore value, and production rate.
Factors affecting underground mining methods include capital costs, operating costs, ore value, and production rate.
Learning outcomes of the lecture include understanding important terminology related to underground mining, equipment used, and factors affecting underground mining methods.
Learning outcomes of the lecture include understanding important terminology related to underground mining, equipment used, and factors affecting underground mining methods.
Canada is a top-five global producer of 10 major minerals and metals, leading in potash and ranking high in uranium, diamond, titanium, platinum group metals, cadmium, aluminum, nickel, graphite, and gold.
Canada is a top-five global producer of 10 major minerals and metals, leading in potash and ranking high in uranium, diamond, titanium, platinum group metals, cadmium, aluminum, nickel, graphite, and gold.
Sudbury, Canada, holds one of the world's largest nickel deposits, with historic production and current reserves exceeding US$300 billion.
Sudbury, Canada, holds one of the world's largest nickel deposits, with historic production and current reserves exceeding US$300 billion.
Ore is valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit, and the extent of an ore body is determined by the cut-off grade, below which mining is uneconomic.
Ore is valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit, and the extent of an ore body is determined by the cut-off grade, below which mining is uneconomic.
Mining terminology includes definitions for orebody, vein, host rock, and dyke, as well as concepts like dip, strike, hanging wall, footwall, development, shaft, portal, adit, and tunnel.
Mining terminology includes definitions for orebody, vein, host rock, and dyke, as well as concepts like dip, strike, hanging wall, footwall, development, shaft, portal, adit, and tunnel.
Other mining terms include ramp, collar, drift, crosscut, face, draw point, ore pass, raise, sump, crown pillar, sill/floor pillar, cage, skip, hoist, and stope.
Other mining terms include ramp, collar, drift, crosscut, face, draw point, ore pass, raise, sump, crown pillar, sill/floor pillar, cage, skip, hoist, and stope.
Ventilation is a crucial aspect of underground mining, necessary for loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, backfilling, and blasting.
Ventilation is a crucial aspect of underground mining, necessary for loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, backfilling, and blasting.
Natural support in mines involves leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars to prevent openings from failing, with various types of pillars serving different support functions.
Natural support in mines involves leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars to prevent openings from failing, with various types of pillars serving different support functions.
Artificial support in mines is introduced after excavation and includes methods like rock bolting to consolidate roof strata with steel bolts.
Artificial support in mines is introduced after excavation and includes methods like rock bolting to consolidate roof strata with steel bolts.
Underground mining activities encompass development and production drilling, loading with explosives and blasting, ventilation, loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, and backfilling.
Underground mining activities encompass development and production drilling, loading with explosives and blasting, ventilation, loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, and backfilling.
Fresh air raise and exhaust air raise are part of the intake shaft system used in underground mines to bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow.
Fresh air raise and exhaust air raise are part of the intake shaft system used in underground mines to bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow.
Mining Optimization Laboratory provides detailed insights into mining terminology, activities, and support systems.
Mining Optimization Laboratory provides detailed insights into mining terminology, activities, and support systems.
The text offers comprehensive explanations of key mining terms and activities, providing a detailed overview of underground mining operations and mineral production.
The text offers comprehensive explanations of key mining terms and activities, providing a detailed overview of underground mining operations and mineral production.
Study Notes
Mining Methods and Equipment Summary
- Shotcrete is used in ground control to prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening.
- Hydrafil is a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope, with tailings being the material rejected from a mill after extracting valuable minerals.
- Jumbo drilling equipment is used in drift/ramp development, cut and fill, and room and pillar mining, with 1, 2, or 3 drill booms depending on the size.
- Rock bolters are used to install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations.
- Trackless scooptrams transport blasted rock from stopes short distances to trucks or ore passes and have a front-end bucket for carrying and dumping bulk materials.
- Underground trucks transport blasted rock from stopes long distances via internal ramp systems, with capacities ranging from 26 to 50 tonnes.
- Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles are essential for transporting underground ores and typically involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping.
- The ultimate objective of exploration is to predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization, achieved by creating a geologic model to calculate the quantity and quality of the ore deposit.
- Dilution in mining can have different definitions and sources, including geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution, affecting the ore stream.
- Underground mining methods depend on factors such as deposit size, shape, chemical composition, wall rock competence, mechanization level, and operating costs, making it a complicated process.
- Factors affecting underground mining methods include capital costs, operating costs, ore value, production rate, waste rock dilution, orebody recovery, orebody variability, orebody widths, and ground conditions.
- Learning outcomes of the lecture include understanding important terminology related to underground mining, equipment used, and factors affecting underground mining methods.
Mining Methods and Equipment Summary
- Shotcrete is used in ground control to prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening.
- Hydrafil is a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope, with tailings being the material rejected from a mill after extracting valuable minerals.
- Jumbo drilling equipment is used in drift/ramp development, cut and fill, and room and pillar mining, with 1, 2, or 3 drill booms depending on the size.
- Rock bolters are used to install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations.
- Trackless scooptrams transport blasted rock from stopes short distances to trucks or ore passes and have a front-end bucket for carrying and dumping bulk materials.
- Underground trucks transport blasted rock from stopes long distances via internal ramp systems, with capacities ranging from 26 to 50 tonnes.
- Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles are essential for transporting underground ores and typically involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping.
- The ultimate objective of exploration is to predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization, achieved by creating a geologic model to calculate the quantity and quality of the ore deposit.
- Dilution in mining can have different definitions and sources, including geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution, affecting the ore stream.
- Underground mining methods depend on factors such as deposit size, shape, chemical composition, wall rock competence, mechanization level, and operating costs, making it a complicated process.
- Factors affecting underground mining methods include capital costs, operating costs, ore value, production rate, waste rock dilution, orebody recovery, orebody variability, orebody widths, and ground conditions.
- Learning outcomes of the lecture include understanding important terminology related to underground mining, equipment used, and factors affecting underground mining methods.
Mining Methods and Equipment Summary
- Shotcrete is used in ground control to prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening.
- Hydrafil is a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope, with tailings being the material rejected from a mill after extracting valuable minerals.
- Jumbo drilling equipment is used in drift/ramp development, cut and fill, and room and pillar mining, with 1, 2, or 3 drill booms depending on the size.
- Rock bolters are used to install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations.
- Trackless scooptrams transport blasted rock from stopes short distances to trucks or ore passes and have a front-end bucket for carrying and dumping bulk materials.
- Underground trucks transport blasted rock from stopes long distances via internal ramp systems, with capacities ranging from 26 to 50 tonnes.
- Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles are essential for transporting underground ores and typically involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping.
- The ultimate objective of exploration is to predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization, achieved by creating a geologic model to calculate the quantity and quality of the ore deposit.
- Dilution in mining can have different definitions and sources, including geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution, affecting the ore stream.
- Underground mining methods depend on factors such as deposit size, shape, chemical composition, wall rock competence, mechanization level, and operating costs, making it a complicated process.
- Factors affecting underground mining methods include capital costs, operating costs, ore value, production rate, waste rock dilution, orebody recovery, orebody variability, orebody widths, and ground conditions.
- Learning outcomes of the lecture include understanding important terminology related to underground mining, equipment used, and factors affecting underground mining methods.
Underground Mining and Mineral Production: Key Points
- Canada is a top-five global producer of 10 major minerals and metals, leading in potash and ranking high in uranium, diamond, titanium, platinum group metals, cadmium, aluminum, nickel, graphite, and gold.
- Sudbury, Canada, holds one of the world's largest nickel deposits, with historic production and current reserves exceeding US$300 billion.
- Ore is valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit, and the extent of an ore body is determined by the cut-off grade, below which mining is uneconomic.
- Mining terminology includes definitions for orebody, vein, host rock, and dyke, as well as concepts like dip, strike, hanging wall, footwall, development, shaft, portal, adit, and tunnel.
- Other mining terms include ramp, collar, drift, crosscut, face, draw point, ore pass, raise, sump, crown pillar, sill/floor pillar, cage, skip, hoist, and stope.
- Ventilation is a crucial aspect of underground mining, necessary for loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, backfilling, and blasting.
- Natural support in mines involves leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars to prevent openings from failing, with various types of pillars serving different support functions.
- Artificial support in mines is introduced after excavation and includes methods like rock bolting to consolidate roof strata with steel bolts.
- Underground mining activities encompass development and production drilling, loading with explosives and blasting, ventilation, loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, and backfilling.
- Fresh air raise and exhaust air raise are part of the intake shaft system used in underground mines to bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow.
- Mining Optimization Laboratory provides detailed insights into mining terminology, activities, and support systems.
- The text offers comprehensive explanations of key mining terms and activities, providing a detailed overview of underground mining operations and mineral production.
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Description
Test your knowledge of underground mining methods and equipment with this quiz. From shotcrete and hydrafil to jumbo drilling and rock bolters, this summary covers key equipment and techniques used in underground mining operations. Explore factors influencing mining methods and gain insights into the complexities of ore deposit exploration and extraction.
