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Underground Mining Methods and Equipment Quiz

Test your knowledge of underground mining methods and equipment with this quiz. From shotcrete and hydrafil to jumbo drilling and rock bolters, this summary covers key equipment and techniques used in underground mining operations. Explore factors influencing mining methods and gain insights into the complexities of ore deposit exploration and extraction.

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Questions and Answers

What is a key difference between surface mining and underground mining?

Surface mining is not selective, extracting both ore and waste, while underground mining is selective, extracting only the ore.

What factor determines whether a mine starts on the surface and then goes underground?

Stripping ratio

What percentage of the mined ore in Canada was obtained via underground mining in 2002?

16%

What is a characteristic of surface mining equipment?

<p>Large-scale and large equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must high grade be mined in underground mining?

<p>To justify the high cost of $50-$200/tonne excluding processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars in underground mines?

<p>To prevent openings from failing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit?

<p>Ore</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ventilation in underground mining?

<p>Necessary for various mining activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Canadian city holds one of the world's largest nickel deposits?

<p>Sudbury</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a fresh air raise and exhaust air raise in underground mines?

<p>To bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is shotcrete used for in ground control?

<p>Preventing rocks from falling by spraying concrete onto the walls of an opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate objective of exploration in mining?

<p>Predicting the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hydrafil used for in mining?

<p>Supporting the sides of a stope with a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rock bolters in mining operations?

<p>Installing rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles essential for in underground mining?

<p>Transporting underground ores and involving manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate cost range per tonne for surface mining, excluding processing?

<p>$2-$5</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate cost range per tonne for underground mining, excluding processing?

<p>$50-$200</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the mined ore in Canada was obtained via underground mining in 2002?

<p>16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for leaving waste in place in underground mining?

<p>To provide structural support and prevent collapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key parameter that determines when a mine transitions from surface to underground mining?

<p>Stripping ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary determinant of the extent of an ore body in underground mining?

<p>The cut-off grade</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars in underground mines?

<p>To prevent openings from collapsing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of rock bolting in underground mining operations?

<p>To consolidate roof strata with steel bolts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fresh air raise and exhaust air raise in underground mines?

<p>To bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ventilation in underground mining?

<p>To ensure proper airflow for various mining activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Hydrafil in mining?

<p>To support the sides of a stope</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles in underground mining?

<p>Transporting underground ores</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate objective of exploration in mining?

<p>To predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of shotcrete in ground control?

<p>To prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete onto the walls of an opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect underground mining methods?

<p>Capital costs, operating costs, and ore value</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the mining method with its characteristic:

<p>Surface mining = Extract both ore and waste not-selective Underground mining = Is a selective operation; extract the ore and leave waste in place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the mining method with its cost range per tonne, excluding processing:

<p>Surface mining = ($2-$5) Underground mining = ($50-$200)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the mining method with its safety characteristic:

<p>Surface mining = Safer (work in open environment) Underground mining = Challenging and riskier (health and safety)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the mining method with its equipment characteristic:

<p>Surface mining = Large-scale and large equipment Underground mining = Equipment size is restricted</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the country with its mining industry characteristic:

<p>Canada = Produces more than 60 minerals and metals United States = Leading producer of coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mining terms with their definitions:

<p>Orebody = The part of a mineral deposit that can be mined at a profit Vein = A narrow channel of a mineral that is distinct from the surrounding rock Host rock = The rock surrounding an ore deposit Dyke = A tabular body of igneous rock that cuts across the structure of adjacent rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mining support systems with their descriptions:

<p>Natural support = Leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars to prevent openings from failing Artificial support = Introduced after excavation and includes methods like rock bolting to consolidate roof strata with steel bolts Ventilation = Crucial aspect necessary for loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, backfilling, and blasting Fresh air raise and exhaust air raise = Part of the intake shaft system used to bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow in underground mines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mining activities with their descriptions:

<p>Development and production drilling = Involves creating openings for ore extraction and determining the ore's extent Loading with explosives and blasting = Breaking the ore or waste rock using controlled explosions Scaling, rock support, and backfilling = Ensuring the stability of the mine workings and filling excavated areas with material Loading and hauling = Removing the broken ore or waste rock from the mine for processing or disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mining terms with their specific functions:

<p>Ramp, collar, drift, crosscut = Provide access to different parts of the mine for equipment and personnel Face, draw point, ore pass, raise = Facilitate the movement of ore or waste within the mine Sump, crown pillar, sill/floor pillar = Support the roof and prevent collapse in specific areas of the mine Cage, skip, hoist, stope = Aid in the vertical movement of personnel, equipment, and mined materials within the mine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following minerals/metals with their status in Canada:

<p>Potash = Canada is a leading producer Uranium = Canada ranks high in production Nickel = Sudbury, Canada, holds one of the world's largest deposits Gold = Canada produces this metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the mining equipment with their corresponding functions:

<p>Shotcrete = Prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening Hydrafil = Mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope Jumbo drilling equipment = Used in drift/ramp development, cut and fill, and room and pillar mining Rock bolters = Install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the mining vehicles with their primary functions:

<p>Trackless scooptrams = Transport blasted rock from stopes short distances to trucks or ore passes Underground trucks = Transport blasted rock from stopes long distances via internal ramp systems Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles = Essential for transporting underground ores and typically involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping Exploration = Predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization, achieved by creating a geologic model to calculate the quantity and quality of the ore deposit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors affecting underground mining methods with their descriptions:

<p>Deposit size, shape, chemical composition = Affecting underground mining methods Capital costs, operating costs, ore value = Factors affecting underground mining methods Production rate, waste rock dilution, orebody recovery = Factors affecting underground mining methods Orebody variability, orebody widths, ground conditions = Factors affecting underground mining methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of dilution in mining with their sources:

<p>Geological, planned, unplanned, fill dilution = Sources of dilution in mining Shotcrete, Hydrafil, Jumbo drilling equipment = Types of dilution in mining Tailings, cement, sand, broken rock = Sources of dilution in mining Wall rock competence, mechanization level, operating costs = Types of dilution in mining</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the objectives of exploration in mining with their descriptions:

<p>Predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization = Objective of exploration in mining Create a geologic model to calculate the quantity and quality of the ore deposit = Objective of exploration in mining Prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening = Objective of exploration in mining Transport blasted rock from stopes long distances via internal ramp systems = Objective of exploration in mining</p> Signup and view all the answers

Underground mining is less expensive than surface mining per tonne, excluding processing.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surface mining is safer than underground mining due to the open work environment.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Canada mined over 4,100 Mt of ore in 2002, with 16% obtained via underground mining.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

High grade must be mined in underground mining to justify the high cost per tonne.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shotcrete is used to prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrafil is a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jumbo drilling equipment is primarily used in longhole stoping mining method.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rock bolters are used to install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Trackless scooptrams transport blasted rock from stopes long distances to trucks or ore passes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Underground trucks have capacities ranging from 26 to 50 tonnes for transporting blasted rock from stopes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles primarily involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ultimate objective of exploration in mining is to predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dilution in mining can have different sources, including geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution, affecting the ore stream.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Underground mining methods depend only on deposit size and shape.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Factors affecting underground mining methods include capital costs, operating costs, ore value, and production rate.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Learning outcomes of the lecture include understanding important terminology related to underground mining, equipment used, and factors affecting underground mining methods.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Canada is a top-five global producer of 10 major minerals and metals, leading in potash and ranking high in uranium, diamond, titanium, platinum group metals, cadmium, aluminum, nickel, graphite, and gold.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sudbury, Canada, holds one of the world's largest nickel deposits, with historic production and current reserves exceeding US$300 billion.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ore is valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit, and the extent of an ore body is determined by the cut-off grade, below which mining is uneconomic.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mining terminology includes definitions for orebody, vein, host rock, and dyke, as well as concepts like dip, strike, hanging wall, footwall, development, shaft, portal, adit, and tunnel.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Other mining terms include ramp, collar, drift, crosscut, face, draw point, ore pass, raise, sump, crown pillar, sill/floor pillar, cage, skip, hoist, and stope.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ventilation is a crucial aspect of underground mining, necessary for loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, backfilling, and blasting.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural support in mines involves leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars to prevent openings from failing, with various types of pillars serving different support functions.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Artificial support in mines is introduced after excavation and includes methods like rock bolting to consolidate roof strata with steel bolts.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Underground mining activities encompass development and production drilling, loading with explosives and blasting, ventilation, loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, and backfilling.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fresh air raise and exhaust air raise are part of the intake shaft system used in underground mines to bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mining Optimization Laboratory provides detailed insights into mining terminology, activities, and support systems.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text offers comprehensive explanations of key mining terms and activities, providing a detailed overview of underground mining operations and mineral production.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Mining Methods and Equipment Summary

  • Shotcrete is used in ground control to prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening.
  • Hydrafil is a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope, with tailings being the material rejected from a mill after extracting valuable minerals.
  • Jumbo drilling equipment is used in drift/ramp development, cut and fill, and room and pillar mining, with 1, 2, or 3 drill booms depending on the size.
  • Rock bolters are used to install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations.
  • Trackless scooptrams transport blasted rock from stopes short distances to trucks or ore passes and have a front-end bucket for carrying and dumping bulk materials.
  • Underground trucks transport blasted rock from stopes long distances via internal ramp systems, with capacities ranging from 26 to 50 tonnes.
  • Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles are essential for transporting underground ores and typically involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping.
  • The ultimate objective of exploration is to predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization, achieved by creating a geologic model to calculate the quantity and quality of the ore deposit.
  • Dilution in mining can have different definitions and sources, including geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution, affecting the ore stream.
  • Underground mining methods depend on factors such as deposit size, shape, chemical composition, wall rock competence, mechanization level, and operating costs, making it a complicated process.
  • Factors affecting underground mining methods include capital costs, operating costs, ore value, production rate, waste rock dilution, orebody recovery, orebody variability, orebody widths, and ground conditions.
  • Learning outcomes of the lecture include understanding important terminology related to underground mining, equipment used, and factors affecting underground mining methods.

Mining Methods and Equipment Summary

  • Shotcrete is used in ground control to prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening.
  • Hydrafil is a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope, with tailings being the material rejected from a mill after extracting valuable minerals.
  • Jumbo drilling equipment is used in drift/ramp development, cut and fill, and room and pillar mining, with 1, 2, or 3 drill booms depending on the size.
  • Rock bolters are used to install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations.
  • Trackless scooptrams transport blasted rock from stopes short distances to trucks or ore passes and have a front-end bucket for carrying and dumping bulk materials.
  • Underground trucks transport blasted rock from stopes long distances via internal ramp systems, with capacities ranging from 26 to 50 tonnes.
  • Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles are essential for transporting underground ores and typically involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping.
  • The ultimate objective of exploration is to predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization, achieved by creating a geologic model to calculate the quantity and quality of the ore deposit.
  • Dilution in mining can have different definitions and sources, including geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution, affecting the ore stream.
  • Underground mining methods depend on factors such as deposit size, shape, chemical composition, wall rock competence, mechanization level, and operating costs, making it a complicated process.
  • Factors affecting underground mining methods include capital costs, operating costs, ore value, production rate, waste rock dilution, orebody recovery, orebody variability, orebody widths, and ground conditions.
  • Learning outcomes of the lecture include understanding important terminology related to underground mining, equipment used, and factors affecting underground mining methods.

Mining Methods and Equipment Summary

  • Shotcrete is used in ground control to prevent rocks from falling by spraying concrete or reinforced concrete at high pressure onto the walls of an opening.
  • Hydrafil is a mixture of tailings, cement, sand, and broken rock used to support the sides of a stope, with tailings being the material rejected from a mill after extracting valuable minerals.
  • Jumbo drilling equipment is used in drift/ramp development, cut and fill, and room and pillar mining, with 1, 2, or 3 drill booms depending on the size.
  • Rock bolters are used to install rock bolts in walls and roofs at a safe distance from the active face in mining operations.
  • Trackless scooptrams transport blasted rock from stopes short distances to trucks or ore passes and have a front-end bucket for carrying and dumping bulk materials.
  • Underground trucks transport blasted rock from stopes long distances via internal ramp systems, with capacities ranging from 26 to 50 tonnes.
  • Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) vehicles are essential for transporting underground ores and typically involve manual operation for ore shoveling, transporting, and dumping.
  • The ultimate objective of exploration is to predict the shape, distribution, and concentration of mineralization, achieved by creating a geologic model to calculate the quantity and quality of the ore deposit.
  • Dilution in mining can have different definitions and sources, including geological, planned, unplanned, and fill dilution, affecting the ore stream.
  • Underground mining methods depend on factors such as deposit size, shape, chemical composition, wall rock competence, mechanization level, and operating costs, making it a complicated process.
  • Factors affecting underground mining methods include capital costs, operating costs, ore value, production rate, waste rock dilution, orebody recovery, orebody variability, orebody widths, and ground conditions.
  • Learning outcomes of the lecture include understanding important terminology related to underground mining, equipment used, and factors affecting underground mining methods.

Underground Mining and Mineral Production: Key Points

  • Canada is a top-five global producer of 10 major minerals and metals, leading in potash and ranking high in uranium, diamond, titanium, platinum group metals, cadmium, aluminum, nickel, graphite, and gold.
  • Sudbury, Canada, holds one of the world's largest nickel deposits, with historic production and current reserves exceeding US$300 billion.
  • Ore is valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit, and the extent of an ore body is determined by the cut-off grade, below which mining is uneconomic.
  • Mining terminology includes definitions for orebody, vein, host rock, and dyke, as well as concepts like dip, strike, hanging wall, footwall, development, shaft, portal, adit, and tunnel.
  • Other mining terms include ramp, collar, drift, crosscut, face, draw point, ore pass, raise, sump, crown pillar, sill/floor pillar, cage, skip, hoist, and stope.
  • Ventilation is a crucial aspect of underground mining, necessary for loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, backfilling, and blasting.
  • Natural support in mines involves leaving portions of ore or waste in place as pillars to prevent openings from failing, with various types of pillars serving different support functions.
  • Artificial support in mines is introduced after excavation and includes methods like rock bolting to consolidate roof strata with steel bolts.
  • Underground mining activities encompass development and production drilling, loading with explosives and blasting, ventilation, loading and hauling, scaling, rock support, and backfilling.
  • Fresh air raise and exhaust air raise are part of the intake shaft system used in underground mines to bring in fresh air and ensure proper airflow.
  • Mining Optimization Laboratory provides detailed insights into mining terminology, activities, and support systems.
  • The text offers comprehensive explanations of key mining terms and activities, providing a detailed overview of underground mining operations and mineral production.

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