85 Questions
Which brain regions are associated with cognitive control structures?
Prefrontal cortex
What is emotional regulation?
Active attempts to maintain or change emotions
What are the primary emotions according to the classic wheel of emotions?
Anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, anticipation, trust and joy
Why is reappraisal the most studied strategy in the lab?
Because it helps people regulate their emotions
What is the main purpose of reappraisal, as described in the text?
To regulate emotions
When using reappraisal, what does someone do to feel better about a cringe-worthy event?
They recharacterize the event or trigger
Which of the following is NOT a response to emotions?
Social
What is one problem with cognitive responses to emotions?
They can exacerbate negative emotions
What is the purpose of emotion regulation?
To achieve desired outcomes
What is one reason why individuals want to manage their emotions?
To achieve psychological well-being
Which stage of emotion regulation occurs after the emotion has completely developed?
Response focused
Which stage of emotion regulation involves deliberate changes in thoughts and appraisals?
Cognitive change
What is the purpose of distraction as an emotion regulation strategy?
To change behavioral response
Which of the following is true about emotions?
Emotions are a combination of primary emotions.
What is the primary function of anger?
To protect ourselves and accomplish goals in stressful times.
According to Le Doux, how should objective responses related to emotional experience be labeled?
Behaviors
What is the difference between the traditional 'fear center' model and the Two-System Model?
The traditional model bypasses the cortical system, while the Two-System Model allows for top-down appraisal.
Which emotion regulation strategy involves acknowledging and allowing the experience of difficult emotions?
Acceptance
Which emotion regulation strategy involves repetitive and intrusive thinking about past or current difficulties?
Rumination
Which emotion regulation strategy involves consciously inhibiting or blocking out an expression of an unwanted emotion?
Suppression
Which emotion regulation strategy involves actively addressing the underlying source of emotional distress?
Problem Solving
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for action in response to emotions such as fear, anger, and excitement?
Sympathetic nervous system
What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system in response to emotions?
To promote relaxation and recovery
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system regulates physiological changes in the body that accompany different emotional states?
Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
What is the purpose of down regulating the sympathetic nervous system response to emotions?
To regulate physiological changes in the body
Which of the following is a key feature of trauma according to the DSM-5 criteria?
Exposure to death or serious injury
What is the percentage of young people who have experienced trauma by age 18 according to a UK epidemiological study?
31%
Which type of trauma is most commonly associated with PTSD according to the text?
Interpersonal trauma
What are the two recent developments in the diagnosis of PTSD mentioned in the text?
PTSD in Young Children and Complex PTSD
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing PTSD according to the text?
Exposure to trauma
According to the text, when do most reactions to a traumatic event subside?
Within one month
Which of the following is a symptom of PTSD according to the DSM-5?
Feeling isolated
What is the difference between experiencing trauma and the difficulties that might follow the trauma according to the text?
Experiencing trauma does not necessarily lead to difficulties
According to the text, what does PTSD increase the risk of?
MDE
What is the term used to describe the impact of early, abusive or neglectful experiences on a child's risk of experiencing mental health problems in the future?
Latent vulnerability
According to the text, what brain system can learn to respond differently to positive social cues as a result of abuse and neglect?
Reward system
What is the term used to describe the changes in the autobiographical memory system following trauma?
Salience
According to the text, what is the main focus of trauma-focused CBT?
Improving memory processing
According to the text, what is a key component of predicting prognosis and therapy for PTSD?
Nature of the trauma memory
According to the text, what is a potential reason for the distorted quality of the memory of a traumatic event?
All of the above
According to the text, why does the brain continue to bring back intrusive memories and the feeling of fear after a traumatic event?
To make meaning from the event
According to the text, what is the recommended first-line treatment for PTSD in children?
Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
What is one reason why PTSD in young children is poorly identified?
Focus on adult model of PTSD
What is one difference between the traditional PTSD criteria and the adapted criteria for children 6 years and younger?
Emphasis on avoidance
What is the proposed mechanism of action for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy?
Adaptive information processing
Which of the following is a symptom of PTSDYC in young children?
Avoidance of trauma-related thoughts or feelings and external reminders of the event
What is the main focus of the CBT-3M treatment for young children with PTSD?
Memory processing
What is one of the key distinctions of complex PTSD?
Affective numbing or over-reactivity
Is complex PTSD more likely to occur after a single traumatic event or after chronic/repeated abuse/violence?
After chronic/repeated abuse/violence
Which of the following statements is true about childhood trauma exposure and childhood PTSD?
Childhood trauma exposure is common, childhood PTSD is not.
What is the recommended treatment for both PTSD and Complex PTS in children of all ages?
Trauma-focused CBT
What is the perception of threat in relation to trauma?
The perception of threat is what makes the effect traumatic for a child, even if it was an accident.
What might get in the way of completing exposure-based treatment with children?
Clinician-based factors such as high levels of distress and building trust/rapport.
What clinician-based factors might influence treatment delivery?
All of the above.
What is the main task of clinicians in relation to someone's difficulties?
All of the above.
According to the text, what is a key domain implicated in the development of PTSD?
All of the above
According to the text, what is a risk factor for developing PTSD?
All of the above
According to the text, what is the primary focus of trauma-focused CBT?
All of the above
According to the text, what is the recommended frontline treatment for children with PTSD?
Trauma-focused CBT
Which of the following is a key feature of trauma according to the DSM-5 criteria?
All of the above
What percentage of young people have experienced trauma by age 18 according to a UK epidemiological study?
31%
Which type of trauma is most commonly associated with PTSD?
Interpersonal trauma
Which of the following diagnoses was introduced in the ICD 11?
Complex PTSD
According to the text, what is the term used to describe the impact of early, abusive or neglectful experiences on a child's vulnerability to mental health problems in the future?
Latent vulnerability
According to the text, what brain system can become hyper vigilant as a result of experiences of domestic violence or physical abuse?
Threat system
According to the text, what is the term used to describe the brain's ability to learn differently in response to positive social cues as a result of abuse and neglect?
Neuroadaptation
According to the text, what is the main focus of neuroscience research in understanding the impact of childhood trauma on mental health?
Brain development
According to the text, what is the purpose of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy?
To aid in the processing of trauma memory in children with PTSD
According to the text, when is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy typically used as a treatment for PTSD in children?
As a second-line treatment if trauma-focused CBT did not work
According to the text, what is the age range for which the adapted criteria for PTSD in children is recommended?
6 years and younger
According to the text, what is the main focus of trauma-focused CBT?
To address the trauma memory in children with PTSD
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of PTSD according to the DSM-5?
Physical reactivity after exposure to traumatic reminders
What is the primary risk factor for developing PTSD according to the text?
Exposure to interpersonal trauma
What is the main difference between the ICD-11 and DSM-5 in diagnosing PTSD?
ICD-11 does not require negative self-concept as a symptom
What is the recommended timeframe for conducting diagnostic work for PTSD?
After three months post event
Which of the following is a key symptom of PTSDYC in young children?
Exaggerated blame of self or others for causing the trauma
According to the text, why is memory-focused exposure work important in treating PTSD in young children?
It helps children develop a cohesive memory of the traumatic event
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of complex PTSD compared to ordinary PTSD?
Persistent experience of disconnection
According to the text, is complex PTSD more likely to occur after a single traumatic event or after chronic/repeated abuse/violence?
Complex PTSD is more likely to occur after chronic/repeated abuse/violence
Which of the following is a key point about childhood trauma exposure and childhood PTSD according to the text?
Childhood trauma exposure is common, childhood PTSD is not.
What is a potential reason for the distorted quality of the memory of a traumatic event according to the text?
The memory system is changed following trauma.
What is the recommended treatment for both PTSD and Complex PTS according to the text?
Trauma-focused CBT
What is one difference between the traditional PTSD criteria and the adapted criteria for children 6 years and younger according to the text?
The adapted criteria include additional symptoms specific to young children.
What might get in the way of completing exposure-based treatment with children according to the text?
High levels of distress
What clinician-based factors might influence treatment delivery according to the text?
Staying focused; high levels of distress; building trust/rapport; need for another support person; clinical setting itself; parents might be very hesitant; question qualifications etc., parental fear/guilt/protective.
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