Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the combination of physiological and cognitive responses to experiences known as?
What is the combination of physiological and cognitive responses to experiences known as?
- Physiological factors
- Neural response
- Subjective feelings (correct)
- Emotional expression
Which theory suggests that neurological and biological systems have evolved to allow humans to experience a set of innate, basic emotions?
Which theory suggests that neurological and biological systems have evolved to allow humans to experience a set of innate, basic emotions?
- Universal emotions theory
- Cognitive emotions theory
- Evolutionary emotions theory
- Discrete emotions theory (correct)
What are the innate emotions that were important for survival and communication, and largely automatic, called?
What are the innate emotions that were important for survival and communication, and largely automatic, called?
- Basic emotions (correct)
- Derived emotions
- Secondary emotions
- Complex emotions
What evidence supports the idea that basic emotions are universal across cultures?
What evidence supports the idea that basic emotions are universal across cultures?
What do variations in intensity of basic emotions illustrate?
What do variations in intensity of basic emotions illustrate?
What do combinations of basic emotions such as anger + sadness result in?
What do combinations of basic emotions such as anger + sadness result in?
At what age do infants begin expressing anger?
At what age do infants begin expressing anger?
When does fear typically emerge in infants?
When does fear typically emerge in infants?
At what age does separation anxiety begin to decline?
At what age does separation anxiety begin to decline?
When do self-conscious emotions such as guilt and shame emerge?
When do self-conscious emotions such as guilt and shame emerge?
At what age do infants rudimentary recognize others' emotions, distinguishing facial expressions of happiness, surprise, and anger?
At what age do infants rudimentary recognize others' emotions, distinguishing facial expressions of happiness, surprise, and anger?
Which emotional state emerges first in infants?
Which emotional state emerges first in infants?
Which brain regions are mentioned as contributing to adolescent risk-taking?
Which brain regions are mentioned as contributing to adolescent risk-taking?
What is associated with adolescents' heightened risk-taking behavior?
What is associated with adolescents' heightened risk-taking behavior?
What does the dimensional approach to temperament assess?
What does the dimensional approach to temperament assess?
What is correlated with self-reported risk-taking in daily life during adolescence?
What is correlated with self-reported risk-taking in daily life during adolescence?
What is associated with difficulties in inhibition, impulse control, and planning in adolescents?
What is associated with difficulties in inhibition, impulse control, and planning in adolescents?
What is thought to be genetically based and consistent over time and contexts?
What is thought to be genetically based and consistent over time and contexts?
What is the term for quickly reflecting a child's emotions through verbal and non-verbal cues, validating and normalizing their emotions?
What is the term for quickly reflecting a child's emotions through verbal and non-verbal cues, validating and normalizing their emotions?
Which parental reaction to children's emotions involves teaching children how to cope with, regulate, and express emotions?
Which parental reaction to children's emotions involves teaching children how to cope with, regulate, and express emotions?
What is the impact of parental high expression of positive emotions on children's emotional development?
What is the impact of parental high expression of positive emotions on children's emotional development?
What can lack of emotional expression from parents lead to in children?
What can lack of emotional expression from parents lead to in children?
What type of parental reaction is associated with higher self-esteem and better school performance in children?
What type of parental reaction is associated with higher self-esteem and better school performance in children?
In the 'still face paradigm' experiment, what did infants demonstrate when parents did not react as expected?
In the 'still face paradigm' experiment, what did infants demonstrate when parents did not react as expected?
At what age do children begin to develop the ability to identify and label emotions?
At what age do children begin to develop the ability to identify and label emotions?
What is co-regulation crucial for in children's development?
What is co-regulation crucial for in children's development?
When do rudimentary emotion regulation skills start to emerge in infants?
When do rudimentary emotion regulation skills start to emerge in infants?
At what age do children start to rely more on self-distraction than self-comforting behaviors for emotion regulation?
At what age do children start to rely more on self-distraction than self-comforting behaviors for emotion regulation?
What does the marshmallow test demonstrate about children's emotion regulation?
What does the marshmallow test demonstrate about children's emotion regulation?
At what age do children start to rely on cognitive strategies and problem-solving as forms of emotion regulation?
At what age do children start to rely on cognitive strategies and problem-solving as forms of emotion regulation?
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Study Notes
Development of Emotion Regulation in Children and Adolescents
- Social referencing is the use of parents' facial expressions and tone of voice by infants to navigate novel or ambiguous situations.
- A visual cliff experiment demonstrated that children can distinguish between emotional expressions and rely on parents' reactions to guide their own reactions.
- Children often look to their parents for guidance on how to react to situations.
- Children begin to develop the ability to identify and label emotions around the age of 3, and this ability improves over early childhood.
- By age 5, children understand that people can experience multiple emotions simultaneously, and they begin to grasp the concept of display rules for emotions.
- Understanding false emotions emerges around age 5, which is crucial for successful social interactions.
- Emotion regulation, the conscious and unconscious processes used to manage emotional experiences and expressions, develops gradually during childhood.
- Co-regulation, where parents regulate infants' distress through soothing or distraction, is crucial for the development of emotion regulation.
- Rudimentary emotion regulation skills, such as self-comforting behaviors and self-distraction, start to emerge in infants around 5 months old.
- Over the first few years of life, children learn to rely more on self-distraction than self-comforting behaviors for emotion regulation.
- The marshmallow test shows that children begin to engage in different techniques of emotion regulation, mainly distraction, from an early age.
- By 6-8 years old, children start to rely on cognitive strategies and problem-solving as forms of emotion regulation, which can lead to higher well-being and social skills.
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