PC 4: Intracellular Signaling and the central dogma
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a model of intracellular signaling pathways involved in regulated proteolysis?

  • Model 1
  • Model 4
  • Model 3 (correct)
  • Model 2

    • Which of the following can affect transcription factors?

  • Co-repressors
  • Histones
  • Co-activators
  • Second messengers (correct)

    • Which of the following binds a DNA sequence directly to affect transcription?

  • Co-repressor
  • Transcription factor (correct)
  • Co-activator
  • Second messenger

    • Which of the following is involved in the activation of a protein kinase in transcription regulation?

    <p>Second messenger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can affect histone remodeling?

    <p>Intracellular signaling cascades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a slower signaling pathway that involves gene transcription and altered protein synthesis?

    <p>Model 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is stimulated by a cell membrane receptor to increase cytosolic cAMP concentration?

    <p>Second messenger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)?

    <p>PKA is activated by G-protein coupling receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CREB in gene transcription?

    <p>CREB is a transcription factor activated by PKA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway involves the activation of MAP Kinase (Erk) to phosphorylate transcription factors?

    <p>Ras pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of AKT in the PI 3-Kinase AKT pathway?

    <p>AKT activates transcription factors involved in ribosome production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of JAK in gene transcription?

    <p>JAK activates STATS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)?

    <p>PKA is inhibited by cAMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway involves the activation of PKC to phosphorylate target proteins?

    <p>cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ligands do not need cell surface receptors since they can easily diffuse across the plasma membrane?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a receptor is activated by a ligand in the Wnt signaling pathway?

    <p>The ligand displaces an inhibitory protein and functions as a co-activator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Smad proteins in TGF-beta and BMP signaling pathways?

    <p>They form a complex with a co-Smad in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a receptor is activated by acute inflammatory ligands in the NFkB signaling pathway?

    <p>The receptor binds to an inhibitory protein complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of co-regulators in intracellular receptor signaling?

    <p>They recruit transcription factors to control gene transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a steroid hormone binds to its receptor in the cytosol?

    <p>The receptor dimerizes and travels to the cell nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ligands are regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of steroid hormone receptors inside the nucleus?

    <p>They bind to a DNA sequence specific to the steroid receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of coactivators in the regulation of gene transcription by steroid hormone receptors?

    <p>They initiate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of thyroid hormone receptors?

    <p>They increase or decrease transcription of genes depending on the gene itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gene transcription when thyroid hormone binds to its receptor for positively regulated genes?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gene transcription when thyroid hormone binds to its receptor for negatively regulated genes?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does miRNA modulate gene expression?

    <p>By repressing translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lncRNA in gene regulation?

    <p>To promote gene transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mature miRNA?

    <p>It is involved in X chromosome inactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does miRNA silence mRNA post-transcription?

    <p>By inducing mRNA cleavage/destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

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