PC 4: Intracellular Signaling and the central dogma

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Which of the following is a model of intracellular signaling pathways involved in regulated proteolysis?

Model 1
Model 4
Model 3 (correct)
Model 2

Which of the following can affect transcription factors?

Co-repressors
Histones
Co-activators
Second messengers (correct)

Which of the following binds a DNA sequence directly to affect transcription?

Co-repressor
Transcription factor (correct)
Co-activator
Second messenger

Which of the following is involved in the activation of a protein kinase in transcription regulation?

Second messenger (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can affect histone remodeling?

Intracellular signaling cascades (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a slower signaling pathway that involves gene transcription and altered protein synthesis?

Model 5 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is stimulated by a cell membrane receptor to increase cytosolic cAMP concentration?

Second messenger (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)?

PKA is activated by G-protein coupling receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CREB in gene transcription?

CREB is a transcription factor activated by PKA (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway involves the activation of MAP Kinase (Erk) to phosphorylate transcription factors?

Ras pathway (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of AKT in the PI 3-Kinase AKT pathway?

AKT activates transcription factors involved in ribosome production (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of JAK in gene transcription?

JAK activates STATS (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)?

PKA is inhibited by cAMP (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway involves the activation of PKC to phosphorylate target proteins?

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ligands do not need cell surface receptors since they can easily diffuse across the plasma membrane?

Steroid hormones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a receptor is activated by a ligand in the Wnt signaling pathway?

The ligand displaces an inhibitory protein and functions as a co-activator (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Smad proteins in TGF-beta and BMP signaling pathways?

They form a complex with a co-Smad in the nucleus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a receptor is activated by acute inflammatory ligands in the NFkB signaling pathway?

The receptor binds to an inhibitory protein complex (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of co-regulators in intracellular receptor signaling?

They recruit transcription factors to control gene transcription (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a steroid hormone binds to its receptor in the cytosol?

The receptor dimerizes and travels to the cell nucleus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ligands are regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway?

Steroid hormones (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of steroid hormone receptors inside the nucleus?

They bind to a DNA sequence specific to the steroid receptor (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of coactivators in the regulation of gene transcription by steroid hormone receptors?

They initiate transcription (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of thyroid hormone receptors?

They increase or decrease transcription of genes depending on the gene itself (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to gene transcription when thyroid hormone binds to its receptor for positively regulated genes?

It increases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to gene transcription when thyroid hormone binds to its receptor for negatively regulated genes?

It decreases (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does miRNA modulate gene expression?

By repressing translation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lncRNA in gene regulation?

To promote gene transcription (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mature miRNA?

It is involved in X chromosome inactivation (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does miRNA silence mRNA post-transcription?

By inducing mRNA cleavage/destruction (D) Signup and view all the answers