Cell Signaling Pathways: G-Protein Activation and Secondary Messengers

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Questions and Answers

What are the two modes of induction mentioned in the text?

  • Informative and Directive
  • Instructive and Situational
  • Permissive and Coercive
  • Permissive and Instructive (correct)

In permissive induction, what is required for genes to be expressed?

  • High cellular metabolism
  • Physical contact with other cells
  • Specific gene markers
  • Proper environment (correct)

What is the role of Laminin in embryonic development?

  • Substrate adhesion molecule (correct)
  • Transcription factor
  • Metabolic enzyme
  • Cell cycle regulator

Where can cascades of induction/reciprocal interactions be observed according to the text?

<p>Mouse Lens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does instructive induction require for the genes to be specified?

<p>A signal from the inducing cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do embryonic cells commit to their developmental pathway in permissive induction?

<p>By waiting for the go-signal of information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the competence of dorsal ectoderm?

<p>Pax6 protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the optic vesicle is removed?

<p>No lens is induced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins further activate the Sox2 & Sox3 genes as inductive signals?

<p>BMP4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if tissue other than the optic vesicle is implanted?

<p>No induction occurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interactions can lead to cellular responses at the cytoplasmic level according to the text?

<p>Cell-to-cell signaling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Phospholipase C in signal transduction?

<p>Cleaves phosphorylated molecules into diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of inositol triphosphate (IP3) in signal transduction?

<p>Activates the release of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does calcium contribute to signal transduction?

<p>Acts as a secondary messenger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines embryonic cell competence?

<p>The ability of a cell/tissue to respond to a specific inductive signal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can embryonic cell competence be established?

<p>Synthesizing new membrane receptors and repressing inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do secondary messengers play in embryonic cell signaling?

<p>Triggering the next step of signaling transduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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