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Questions and Answers
What is the formula for API gravity?
What is the formula for API gravity?
- $API = 141.5 - \frac{\rho_{oil}}{131.5}$
- $API = 141.5 \times \rho_{oil} - 131.5$
- $API = \frac{141.5}{\rho_{oil}} - 131.5$ (correct)
- $API = 141.5 + \frac{\rho_{oil}}{131.5}$
Which geological processes are essential for a functional petroleum system?
Which geological processes are essential for a functional petroleum system?
- Trap, reservoir rock, and source rock
- Accumulation and retention, migration, and maturation (correct)
- Geometrical necessity, seal rock, and trap
- Seal rock, trap, and migration
What does 'tight' refer to in the context of 'tight gas' and 'tight oil'?
What does 'tight' refer to in the context of 'tight gas' and 'tight oil'?
- Low viscosity
- Low permeability (correct)
- High porosity
- High permeability
Which type of unconventional gas has low permeability?
Which type of unconventional gas has low permeability?
What is the main difference between unconventional and conventional fluids?
What is the main difference between unconventional and conventional fluids?
Which type of unconventional oil has the highest viscosity?
Which type of unconventional oil has the highest viscosity?
What is the key characteristic of 'sour gas'?
What is the key characteristic of 'sour gas'?
Which unconventional oil type is also known as 'bitumen'?
Which unconventional oil type is also known as 'bitumen'?
What does 'UC' stand for in the context of unconventional oil and gas?
What does 'UC' stand for in the context of unconventional oil and gas?
What determines whether a petroleum system is functional?
What determines whether a petroleum system is functional?
Which unconventional fossil fuel potentially contains more organic carbon than coal, oil, and natural gas combined?
Which unconventional fossil fuel potentially contains more organic carbon than coal, oil, and natural gas combined?
Where has methane hydrate recovery been achieved from beneath the seafloor?
Where has methane hydrate recovery been achieved from beneath the seafloor?
What method is used in heavy oil recovery to reduce viscosity by increasing temperature?
What method is used in heavy oil recovery to reduce viscosity by increasing temperature?
Which unconventional oil type involves two horizontal wells for recovery, injecting steam to mobilize and produce oil?
Which unconventional oil type involves two horizontal wells for recovery, injecting steam to mobilize and produce oil?
Where are Canada's significant reserves for bitumen mining located?
Where are Canada's significant reserves for bitumen mining located?
What geological processes comprise a functional petroleum system?
What geological processes comprise a functional petroleum system?
Which unconventional petroleum systems differ from conventional systems with unique necessities and processes?
Which unconventional petroleum systems differ from conventional systems with unique necessities and processes?
What can oil shale be heated to produce, with the process being expensive and environmentally damaging?
What can oil shale be heated to produce, with the process being expensive and environmentally damaging?
What is expected to be increasingly unconventional and expensive according to supply/cost curves for oil and gas?
What is expected to be increasingly unconventional and expensive according to supply/cost curves for oil and gas?
What is a common recovery process used in unconventional petroleum systems?
What is a common recovery process used in unconventional petroleum systems?
Which rock formation is a source rock for unconventional 'shale gas' reserves?
Which rock formation is a source rock for unconventional 'shale gas' reserves?
What are the porosities of the Marcellus Shale Gas Reservoir?
What are the porosities of the Marcellus Shale Gas Reservoir?
What is the primary purpose of injecting proppant in hydraulic fracturing?
What is the primary purpose of injecting proppant in hydraulic fracturing?
What type of well pads are utilized for production in shale reservoirs?
What type of well pads are utilized for production in shale reservoirs?
What does the production decline curve in the North Dakota Shale Oil province show?
What does the production decline curve in the North Dakota Shale Oil province show?
What percentage of total US gas production did shale gas account for in 2021?
What percentage of total US gas production did shale gas account for in 2021?
What has European shale gas extraction faced in multiple years?
What has European shale gas extraction faced in multiple years?
Where has induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing been observed?
Where has induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing been observed?
How is coalbed methane extracted?
How is coalbed methane extracted?
What is the primary purpose of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage in heavy oil recovery?
What is the primary purpose of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage in heavy oil recovery?
Where has methane hydrate recovery been achieved from beneath the seafloor?
Where has methane hydrate recovery been achieved from beneath the seafloor?
What is the most important deposit for oil shale, despite its expensive and environmentally damaging extraction process?
What is the most important deposit for oil shale, despite its expensive and environmentally damaging extraction process?
What is the primary method used in heavy oil recovery to reduce viscosity by increasing temperature?
What is the primary method used in heavy oil recovery to reduce viscosity by increasing temperature?
What is the main difference between unconventional and conventional petroleum systems?
What is the main difference between unconventional and conventional petroleum systems?
What is the primary recovery process used in unconventional petroleum systems to mobilize and produce oil from extra heavy oil?
What is the primary recovery process used in unconventional petroleum systems to mobilize and produce oil from extra heavy oil?
What is the primary difference between conventional and unconventional fluids in the context of oil and gas?
What is the primary difference between conventional and unconventional fluids in the context of oil and gas?
Which unconventional oil type involves injecting steam to mobilize and produce oil?
Which unconventional oil type involves injecting steam to mobilize and produce oil?
What does 'tight' refer to in the context of 'tight gas' and 'tight oil'?
What does 'tight' refer to in the context of 'tight gas' and 'tight oil'?
What is the most common unconventional oil type found in Canada's tar sands?
What is the most common unconventional oil type found in Canada's tar sands?
What geological processes are essential for a functional petroleum system?
What geological processes are essential for a functional petroleum system?
What geological processes are essential for a functional petroleum system?
What geological processes are essential for a functional petroleum system?
Which unconventional fossil fuel potentially contains more organic carbon than coal, oil, and natural gas combined?
Which unconventional fossil fuel potentially contains more organic carbon than coal, oil, and natural gas combined?
What is the main extraction method for coalbed methane?
What is the main extraction method for coalbed methane?
Which unconventional oil type involves two horizontal wells for recovery, injecting steam to mobilize and produce oil?
Which unconventional oil type involves two horizontal wells for recovery, injecting steam to mobilize and produce oil?
What is the key characteristic of 'sour gas'?
What is the key characteristic of 'sour gas'?
What does 'UC' stand for in the context of unconventional oil and gas?
What does 'UC' stand for in the context of unconventional oil and gas?
What determines whether a petroleum system is functional?
What determines whether a petroleum system is functional?
Where are the significant reserves for bitumen mining located?
Where are the significant reserves for bitumen mining located?
What does the API gravity formula measure?
What does the API gravity formula measure?
What is the primary purpose of injecting proppant in hydraulic fracturing?
What is the primary purpose of injecting proppant in hydraulic fracturing?
In which US state is the Ordovician Utica Shale a source rock for unconventional 'shale gas' reserves?
In which US state is the Ordovician Utica Shale a source rock for unconventional 'shale gas' reserves?
What are the porosities of the Marcellus Shale Gas Reservoir?
What are the porosities of the Marcellus Shale Gas Reservoir?
What has European shale gas extraction faced in multiple years?
What has European shale gas extraction faced in multiple years?
Where has induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing been observed?
Where has induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing been observed?
What percentage of total US gas production did shale gas account for in 2021?
What percentage of total US gas production did shale gas account for in 2021?
What is the main characteristic of 'sour gas'?
What is the main characteristic of 'sour gas'?
What geological process is essential for a functional petroleum system?
What geological process is essential for a functional petroleum system?
What is the primary recovery process used in unconventional petroleum systems?
What is the primary recovery process used in unconventional petroleum systems?
What is the primary method used in extracting coalbed methane?
What is the primary method used in extracting coalbed methane?
Study Notes
Unconventional Petroleum Systems and Shale Gas
- Shale gas and shale oil, along with tight gas and tight oil, are unconventional petroleum systems due to low permeability reservoir rock.
- These unconventional systems use similar recovery processes, such as hydraulic fracturing, and are often grouped together.
- Source rocks for unconventional "shale gas" reserves include the Ordovician Utica Shale in New York State and the Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay in the Wessex Basin.
- The Marcellus Shale Gas Reservoir in the United States has porosities ranging from 5-15% and permeabilities of 200-2000 ηD, making it a significant shale gas reservoir.
- Hydraulic fracturing involves drilling wells, fracturing the reservoir by pumping thickened fluid, injecting proppant to keep fractures open, and allowing gas to flow out following the returned fluid.
- Shale reservoirs utilize closely-spaced well pads for production.
- Production decline curves in the North Dakota Shale Oil province show a rapid decline from initial production rates, with restimulation being costly but potentially rejuvenating.
- In 2021, shale gas accounted for 79% of total US gas production, while tight oil accounted for 64% of total US oil production.
- Despite concerns and hostility, tight oil and shale gas remain resilient, consistently exceeding performance projections in the US.
- European shale gas extraction has faced bans in multiple years, indicating opposition to this extraction method.
- Induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing has been observed in various locations, including Arkansas, England, and the UK, with difficulties in accurately predicting the probability or magnitude of earthquakes linked to fracking operations.
- Coalbed methane, which forms during the process of coalification, is extracted by drilling wells into coal seams and pumping out water to release methane.
Unconventional Petroleum Systems and Shale Gas
- Shale gas and shale oil, along with tight gas and tight oil, are unconventional petroleum systems due to low permeability reservoir rock.
- These unconventional systems use similar recovery processes, such as hydraulic fracturing, and are often grouped together.
- Source rocks for unconventional "shale gas" reserves include the Ordovician Utica Shale in New York State and the Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay in the Wessex Basin.
- The Marcellus Shale Gas Reservoir in the United States has porosities ranging from 5-15% and permeabilities of 200-2000 ηD, making it a significant shale gas reservoir.
- Hydraulic fracturing involves drilling wells, fracturing the reservoir by pumping thickened fluid, injecting proppant to keep fractures open, and allowing gas to flow out following the returned fluid.
- Shale reservoirs utilize closely-spaced well pads for production.
- Production decline curves in the North Dakota Shale Oil province show a rapid decline from initial production rates, with restimulation being costly but potentially rejuvenating.
- In 2021, shale gas accounted for 79% of total US gas production, while tight oil accounted for 64% of total US oil production.
- Despite concerns and hostility, tight oil and shale gas remain resilient, consistently exceeding performance projections in the US.
- European shale gas extraction has faced bans in multiple years, indicating opposition to this extraction method.
- Induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing has been observed in various locations, including Arkansas, England, and the UK, with difficulties in accurately predicting the probability or magnitude of earthquakes linked to fracking operations.
- Coalbed methane, which forms during the process of coalification, is extracted by drilling wells into coal seams and pumping out water to release methane.
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Description
Test your knowledge of unconventional petroleum systems and shale gas with this insightful quiz. Explore topics such as hydraulic fracturing, shale gas reservoirs, tight oil production, and the challenges and controversies surrounding unconventional extraction methods.
