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Questions and Answers
What type of tissues can be evaluated using X-rays?
What type of tissues can be evaluated using X-rays?
Who oversees all the care on a particular unit?
Who oversees all the care on a particular unit?
What is the role of a Staff Educator?
What is the role of a Staff Educator?
What type of degree do Clinical Nurse Specialists typically hold?
What type of degree do Clinical Nurse Specialists typically hold?
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What is a Nurse Practitioner?
What is a Nurse Practitioner?
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Who provides diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive healthcare services under the supervision of physicians?
Who provides diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive healthcare services under the supervision of physicians?
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What is a Hospitalist?
What is a Hospitalist?
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What is an Intern/Resident?
What is an Intern/Resident?
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What type of radiation do X-rays use?
What type of radiation do X-rays use?
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When were X-rays first used on humans?
When were X-rays first used on humans?
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What type of images do X-rays produce?
What type of images do X-rays produce?
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What is the purpose of X-ray therapy?
What is the purpose of X-ray therapy?
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What is the purpose of ultrasound therapy?
What is the purpose of ultrasound therapy?
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What type of images do ultrasounds produce?
What type of images do ultrasounds produce?
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What is the difference between X-rays and ultrasounds?
What is the difference between X-rays and ultrasounds?
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When were ultrasounds first used on humans?
When were ultrasounds first used on humans?
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What is referred to as mental health disorders?
What is referred to as mental health disorders?
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What can be affected by symptoms of mental illness?
What can be affected by symptoms of mental illness?
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What is an example of a symptom of mental illness?
What is an example of a symptom of mental illness?
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What is thought to be a cause of mental illnesses?
What is thought to be a cause of mental illnesses?
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What may increase the risk of developing a mental illness?
What may increase the risk of developing a mental illness?
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What can sometime be linked to mental illness?
What can sometime be linked to mental illness?
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What type of brain chemicals are involved in mental illness?
What type of brain chemicals are involved in mental illness?
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What can mental illness symptoms sometimes appear as?
What can mental illness symptoms sometimes appear as?
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What is the primary function of the nervous system?
What is the primary function of the nervous system?
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Which of the following is a division of the peripheral nervous system?
Which of the following is a division of the peripheral nervous system?
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What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?
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What is the main function of the enteric nervous system?
What is the main function of the enteric nervous system?
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What is the main difference between motor nerves and sensory nerves?
What is the main difference between motor nerves and sensory nerves?
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What is the main function of the central nervous system?
What is the main function of the central nervous system?
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When did nervous tissue first arise in organisms?
When did nervous tissue first arise in organisms?
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What is the primary function of cranial nerves?
What is the primary function of cranial nerves?
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Study Notes
Ultrasounds vs. X-rays
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Ultrasounds were first used on humans in the late 1950s or early 1960s.
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Ultrasounds use sound waves, not ionizing radiation, and produce "real-time images" like a video.
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Ultrasounds are suitable for evaluating fetal development, internal organs, blood vessels, and soft tissues.
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X-rays were first used on humans in 1896.
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X-rays use ionizing radiation, but the amount of radiation used is very small and the benefits greatly outweigh the risk of harm.
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X-rays produce "shadow-like" images of bones and other structures.
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X-rays are suitable for imaging hard tissues such as bones and air-filled structures.
Roles in Healthcare
- Nurse Manager: oversees all the care on a particular unit and supports the nurse taking care of the patient.
- Staff Educator: serves as an educational resource to staff, providing the latest information about medication, treatments, or technology.
- Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS): provides teaching and support to patients in their particular area of knowledge with a master's degree in a specialty.
- Nurse Practitioner (NP): diagnoses and treats illnesses in their specialty, can prescribe medications, and works under the supervision of a physician.
Additional Care Team Members
- Physician: provides medical care, may be the patient's own medical doctor, or may have a hospitalist, a surgeon, or a specialist manage hospital care.
- Physician Assistant (PA): provides diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive healthcare services under the supervision of physicians.
- Hospitalist: specializes in caring for hospitalized patients, coordinates and consults with other doctors, and keeps the patient and their family informed.
- Intern/Resident: medical school graduate doctors gaining supervised practical or specialized experience in a hospital.
Mental Illness
- Mental illness refers to a wide range of mental health conditions that affect mood, thinking, and behavior.
- Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and addictive behaviors.
Symptoms of Mental Illness
- Symptoms of mental illness can vary depending on the disorder, circumstances, and other factors.
- Examples of signs and symptoms include:
- Feeling sad or down
- Confused thinking or reduced ability to concentrate
- Excessive fears or worries, or extreme feelings of guilt
- Extreme mood changes of highs and lows
- Withdrawal from friends and activities
- Significant tiredness, low energy, or problems sleeping
- Detachment from reality (delusions), paranoia, or hallucinations
- Inability to cope with daily problems or stress
- Trouble understanding and relating to situations and to people
- Problems with alcohol or drug use
- Major changes in eating habits
- Sex drive changes
- Excessive anger, hostility, or violence
- Suicidal thinking
- Sometimes symptoms of a mental health disorder appear as physical problems, such as stomach pain, back pain, headaches, or other unexplained aches and pains.
Causes of Mental Illness
- Mental illnesses are thought to be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors.
- Factors include:
- Inherited traits: mental illness is more common in people whose blood relatives also have a mental illness
- Environmental exposures before birth: exposure to environmental stressors, inflammatory conditions, toxins, alcohol, or drugs while in the womb
- Brain chemistry: impaired neural networks and neurotransmitters leading to depression and other emotional disorders
Nervous System
- The nervous system is a complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
- The nervous system detects environmental changes that impact the body and works in tandem with the endocrine system to respond to such events.
- In vertebrates, the nervous system consists of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
- The PNS consists mainly of nerves that connect the CNS to every other part of the body.
- The PNS is divided into two separate subsystems: the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
- The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems.
- The sympathetic nervous system is activated in cases of emergencies to mobilize energy, while the parasympathetic nervous system is activated when organisms are in a relaxed state.
- The enteric nervous system functions to control the gastrointestinal system.
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Description
Compare the uses and characteristics of ultrasounds and X-rays in medical imaging, including their history, safety, and applications.
