Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of microstreaming on cell membranes?
What is the primary effect of microstreaming on cell membranes?
- Reduces cell exchange
- Inhibits tissue repair
- Agitates cell membranes (correct)
- Decreases ion permeability
Which frequency is most suitable for superficial heating up to 3 cm?
Which frequency is most suitable for superficial heating up to 3 cm?
- 2 MHz
- 4 MHz
- 1 MHz
- 3 MHz (correct)
In the context of phonophoresis, what is the main purpose of using ultrasound?
In the context of phonophoresis, what is the main purpose of using ultrasound?
- To generate heat for scar tissue
- To reduce blood flow
- To transdermally deliver medication (correct)
- To dry skin
At what duty cycle are non-thermal effects observed when using pulsed ultrasound?
At what duty cycle are non-thermal effects observed when using pulsed ultrasound?
What is the maximum intensity for 1 MHz ultrasound when targeting deeper tissue heating?
What is the maximum intensity for 1 MHz ultrasound when targeting deeper tissue heating?
What should be considered regarding the treatment area in relation to the ERA of the transducer?
What should be considered regarding the treatment area in relation to the ERA of the transducer?
Which of the following is a characteristic of continuous ultrasound?
Which of the following is a characteristic of continuous ultrasound?
When using indirect ultrasound, how should the transducer head be positioned?
When using indirect ultrasound, how should the transducer head be positioned?
Flashcards
Microstreaming
Microstreaming
Microscopic currents around gas bubbles caused by cavitation, which increase cell membrane permeability and ion exchange.
Phonophoresis
Phonophoresis
Using ultrasound to deliver medication transdermally, often for inflammation reduction.
Deep Heat (Ultrasound)
Deep Heat (Ultrasound)
Converting sound waves to vibrations, generating heat and non-thermal effects.
Ultrasound Frequency (MHz)
Ultrasound Frequency (MHz)
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Duty Cycle (pulsed vs continuous)
Duty Cycle (pulsed vs continuous)
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Ultrasound Intensity (W/cm^2)
Ultrasound Intensity (W/cm^2)
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Treatment Area
Treatment Area
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Direct vs. Indirect Ultrasound
Direct vs. Indirect Ultrasound
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Study Notes
Microstreaming and Cavitation
- Microstreaming is the flow of currents around gas bubbles, caused by cavitation.
- This agitation affects cell membranes, increasing ion permeability.
- Stable cavitation contributes to increased cell permeability, ion exchange, and tissue repair.
Phonophoresis
- Phonophoresis uses ultrasound to deliver medication transdermally, typically to reduce inflammation.
- Parameters:
- Frequency: Usually 3 MHz (though 1 MHz is also used).
- Duty cycle: 20% pulsed.
- Intensity: 0.5-0.75 W/cm².
- Treatment duration: 5-10 minutes.
Deep Heat via Ultrasound
- Ultrasound converts sound waves to mechanical vibrations, generating heat and non-thermal effects in tissue.
- The ultrasound agent penetrates up to 5 cm.
- Parameter selection is crucial:
- Frequency:
- 3 MHz for superficial heating (1-3 cm). Higher intensity, less heat on scars.
- 1 MHz for deep heating (up to 5 cm). Lower intensity, careful around piriformis.
- Intensity: (ranges vary depending on Frequency and duty cycle):
- 3 MHz (superficial): 0.5-1.0 W/cm²
- 1 MHz (deep): up to 1.5 W/cm²
- Duty Cycle: Impacts thermal vs non-thermal effects.
- Pulsed: Non-thermal, promotes ion exchange, acute conditions, healing.
- Continuous: Thermal, intense healing, chronic conditions, increases blood flow and tissue extensibility, uninterrupted sound waves.
- Thermal vs. Non-Thermal: Thermal parameters:
- 100% Duty cycle (Continuous):
- 1-2 cm: 3 MHz, 1.0 W/cm²
- Up to 5 cm: 1.5-2.0 W/cm²
- Non-Thermal (Pulsed): 20% duty cycle
- 1-2 cm: 0.5-1.0 W/cm²
- Up to 5 cm: 0.5-1.0 W/cm²
- 100% Duty cycle (Continuous):
- Treatment Area and Duration: 2-4 times the size of ERA for 5-10 minutes.
- Direct vs Indirect application. Direct using Gel/lotion/pad, indirect in water with transducer 1-2 cm from skin-increase 50% intensity).
- Frequency:
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