Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary benefit of microstreaming in relation to cell membranes?
What is the primary benefit of microstreaming in relation to cell membranes?
- It increases cell permeability. (correct)
- It stops ion exchange.
- It decreases cell permeability.
- It cools tissue.
Phonophoresis utilizes ultrasound solely for the purpose of heating tissues.
Phonophoresis utilizes ultrasound solely for the purpose of heating tissues.
False (B)
What is the role of duty cycle in ultrasound treatment?
What is the role of duty cycle in ultrasound treatment?
The duty cycle determines whether the ultrasound is pulsed or continuous, affecting the thermal and non-thermal effects on tissues.
For greater depth in ultrasound treatments, a frequency of _____ MHz should be used.
For greater depth in ultrasound treatments, a frequency of _____ MHz should be used.
Match the following ultrasound treatment parameters with their appropriate definitions:
Match the following ultrasound treatment parameters with their appropriate definitions:
Flashcards
Microstreaming
Microstreaming
Microscopic currents around gas bubbles created by cavitation, which affects cell membranes and increases ion permeability.
Phonophoresis
Phonophoresis
Using ultrasound to deliver medication transdermally (through the skin), typically to reduce inflammation.
Ultrasound frequency (MHz)
Ultrasound frequency (MHz)
Frequency of ultrasound waves used for deep heat and non-thermal effects.
Ultrasound intensity (W/cm^2)
Ultrasound intensity (W/cm^2)
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Pulsed vs. Continuous Ultrasound
Pulsed vs. Continuous Ultrasound
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Study Notes
Microstreaming
- Microstreaming is generated by gas bubbles (cavitation) moving around cells.
- It agitates cell membranes, increasing ion permeability.
- Microstreaming is linked to enhanced cell permeability, ion exchange, and tissue repair.
Phonophoresis
- Phonophoresis uses ultrasound to deliver medication transdermally, often for reducing inflammation.
- Parameters:
- Frequency: Typically 1 MHz or 3 MHz.
- Duty cycle: Pulsed (20%) for non-thermal effects; continuous for thermal effects.
- Intensity: 0.5-1.0 W/cm² (pulsed) and up to 1.5 W/cm² (continuous).
- Treatment duration: 5-10 minutes.
- Treatment area: 2x the size of the transducer area.
Deep Heat via Conversion
- Ultrasound converts sound waves to mechanical vibration, producing heat and non-thermal effects.
- Penetrates up to 5 cm.
- Parameter selection:
- Frequency: 1 MHz for deeper heating (up to 5 cm) or 3 MHz for superficial heating (1-3 cm).
- Intensity varies according to frequency and depth.
- Duty cycle: Pulsed for non-thermal and continuous for thermal effects. Lower duty cycles reduce thermal effects.
- Treatment area and duration is twice the size of the transducer area for 5-10 minutes.
- Direct vs. Indirect Application:
- Direct: gel, lotion, or pad for coupling agent.
- Indirect: water medium, increase intensity by 50%.
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