Ultrasound and Pregnancy Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which pregnancy test can identify HCG within 1 hour?

Ultrasound

Radio-receptor assay (correct)

Radioimmunoassay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay

Which condition is NOT considered a danger signal during pregnancy?

Persistent headache

Vaginal bleeding

Fever and chills

Increased fatigue (correct)

Which of the following can be classified as a teratogen?

Regular exercise

Balanced diet

Low blood pressure

Excessive alcohol intake (correct)

Which rule is associated with calculating the expected date of delivery (EDD)?

Johnson's Rule Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is likely to increase the risk during multiple gestation?

Excessive alcohol intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting pregnancy?

It detects HCG in urine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications is NOT typically monitored for during pregnancy?

Seasonal allergies Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is likely to influence the damage caused by a teratogen?

Timing of exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of identifying HCG in pregnancy tests?

It confirms pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is defined by the number of infants born at the completion of 37 weeks' gestation or beyond?

Number of term infants Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers specifically to the health care provided to a woman during her pregnancy?

Prenatal Care Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A' in the TPAL approach represent?

Number of pregnancies ending in abortion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a defined risk factor that may negatively impact pregnancy outcomes?

Multiparity greater than 3 Signup and view all the answers

At what gestation age is pregnancy considered terminated as 'abortion'?

Before 20 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which age is indicated as a risk factor for negative pregnancy outcomes?

Age 35 Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the period during which a fertilized egg cell develops into a baby?

Gestation Signup and view all the answers

What does gravidity indicate in the context of pregnancy?

The pregnant woman Signup and view all the answers

What prenatal risk factor is associated with high body weight?

Weight greater than 200 lb Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy?

Severe neurologic damage to the infant Signup and view all the answers

What teratogenic effect can chlamydia infection have during pregnancy?

Restricted intrauterine growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential fetal transmission of infection?

Live virus measles vaccine Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection can lead to optic atrophy in an infant when transmitted during pregnancy?

Cytomegalovirus infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with maternal herpes simplex virus (genital herpes infection) during the first trimester?

Severe damage to the developing neurologic system of the fetus Signup and view all the answers

Which congenital condition is specifically associated with cytomegalovirus infection?

Microcephaly Signup and view all the answers

What type of maternal infection is transmitted via droplet infection and can severely affect fetal development?

Cytomegalovirus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT linked to the teratogenic effects of certain infections during pregnancy?

Pulmonary embolism Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of untreated chlamydia during pregnancy?

Increased risk of preterm labor Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is commonly associated with infants affected by congenital infections?

Long-term audiological deficits Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest day on which the heart can begin to beat?

14th day Signup and view all the answers

Which congenital anomaly is characterized by the absence of the head or brain?

Anencephaly Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment of choice for syphilis during pregnancy?

Benzathine penicillin Signup and view all the answers

At what stage can the external genitalia be distinctly identified, but sex cannot yet be determined visibly?

8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What screening test is recommended during the first prenatal visit for syphilis detection?

VDRL Signup and view all the answers

What structure surrounds the embryo during the early stages of development?

Amniotic fluid Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if syphilis is untreated beyond the 18th week of pregnancy?

Osteochondritis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes neurological development by the third week of pregnancy?

The nervous system begins to appear Signup and view all the answers

What major development occurs in the first lunar month regarding limb formation?

Arm and leg buds appear Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of the embryo at the end of the first lunar month?

4 to 5 mm Signup and view all the answers

At what stage can sex differentiation be identified by UTZ?

14 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What key development occurs in the fetus around the end of eight lunar months (32 weeks)?

Presence of subcutaneous fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight of a fetus at the end of nine lunar months (36 weeks)?

2,900 grams Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex becomes active by the end of the fetal development period mentioned?

Moro reflex Signup and view all the answers

At which week does the formation of lanugo begin to diminish?

36 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the LS ratio reaching 2:1 at the end of 36 weeks?

Signifies sufficient lung maturity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definitions and Concepts

Gestation: The period from fertilization to delivery, typically lasting around 40 weeks.
Prenatal Care: Healthcare provided to a woman during pregnancy, aimed at maximizing health for both mother and baby.
Gravida: Refers to a woman who is pregnant.
Abortion: Termination of pregnancy before viability (24 weeks AOG or 400 grams); can be spontaneous or therapeutic.
TPAL Approach: A system to summarize pregnancy history—T (term births), P (preterm births), A (abortions), L (living children).

Risk Factors in Pregnancy

High-Risk Indicators: Factors negatively impacting pregnancy outcomes include:
- Low income/education
- Poor diet
- High altitude living
- Multiple pregnancies (>3)
- Weight extremes (over 200 lbs or under 100 lbs)
- Age (≥35 years)
- Substance abuse (drugs, smoking, alcohol)
- Medical conditions (anemia, hypertension, diabetes)

Pregnancy Testing Methods

Radio-receptor Assay (RRA): Identifies HCG in blood within 1 hour.
Radioimmunoassay (RIA): Detects HCG within 1-3 hours; reliable pregnancy detection about 6 days post-conception.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): Highly sensitive urine test for HCG, results in 4 minutes.

Measurement of Expected Delivery

EDD Calculation: Various rules (Nagele's, McDonald's, Johnson’s) are used to estimate the expected date of delivery.

Danger Signals in Pregnancy

Fever and Chills: May indicate intrauterine infection.
Vaginal Bleeding: Should be reported regardless of severity; any unusual symptoms warrant notification.

Teratogens and Their Impact

Teratogens: Factors that can cause developmental malformations. Their effects can include:
- Physical and cognitive impairments.
- Growth restrictions.
Potential Teratogenic Features:
- Mental and motor development issues, eye defects, and hearing impairments.
- Certain vaccines (e.g., live virus vaccines) are contraindicated during pregnancy due to risk of fetal infection.

Fetal Development Timeline

First Lunar Month: Heart starts to beat by the end of the 4th week; limbs and lungs begin forming.
Two Lunar Months: More distinct head and external genitalia; amniotic fluid surrounds the embryo.
Five Lunar Months: Brown fat forms; fetal movements become apparent.
Eight Lunar Months: High likelihood of survival for preterm infants with proper care; responds to external stimuli.
Nine Lunar Months: Fetus reaches a rounded body shape; develops skin and fat layers.

Key Points About Fetal Viability

Infants born at 32 weeks have a high survival rate.
Fetal heartbeat detectable; sex identifiable by 14 weeks through ultrasound.
The L/S (lecithin/sphingomyelin) ratio supports lung maturity.

Medical Interventions

Management of Infections (e.g., genital herpes): C-section may be recommended for women with lesions during labor.
Syphilis Treatment: Benzathine penicillin effective in early pregnancy; untreated cases lead to severe fetal complications.

Understanding these key concepts, risks, and developmental milestones is crucial for maternal and child health nursing.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the use of ultrasonography in pregnancy. This quiz covers key concepts including gestation duration and the TPAL approach for assessing pregnancy outcomes. Improve your understanding of ultrasound implications in maternal-fetal health.