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Questions and Answers
What is the technique that sonography is based on?
What is the technique that sonography is based on?
The sound waves that acquire images in real time without the use of ionizing radiation.
What is the ultrasound periodicity?
What is the ultrasound periodicity?
The periodicity is greater than 20 kHz, which is greater than the audible range.
What is the vibratory frequency of diagnostic ultrasonography?
What is the vibratory frequency of diagnostic ultrasonography?
It is a range of 1 to 20 MHz.
What is the basic concept of ultrasonography?
What is the basic concept of ultrasonography?
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What is the transducer?
What is the transducer?
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What is the most important component in the transducer?
What is the most important component in the transducer?
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What is the most widely used piezoelectric material?
What is the most widely used piezoelectric material?
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How does the transducer generate sound waves?
How does the transducer generate sound waves?
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How does the transducer receive the sound wave?
How does the transducer receive the sound wave?
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What is real-time imaging?
What is real-time imaging?
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What is the imaging modality that uses a pulse?
What is the imaging modality that uses a pulse?
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The properties of sound waves when interacting with matter include _____, absorption, reflection, refraction, and scatter.
The properties of sound waves when interacting with matter include _____, absorption, reflection, refraction, and scatter.
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The spatial resolution of the ultrasound image depends on _____ and the attenuation of the ultrasound beam energy depends on _____.
The spatial resolution of the ultrasound image depends on _____ and the attenuation of the ultrasound beam energy depends on _____.
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What is the ultrasound frequency choice for greater resolution?
What is the ultrasound frequency choice for greater resolution?
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What are the factors that affect the fraction of the beam that is reflected to the transducer?
What are the factors that affect the fraction of the beam that is reflected to the transducer?
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What is the acoustic impedance of the tissue?
What is the acoustic impedance of the tissue?
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What are the benefits of the internal echo pattern in ultrasound?
What are the benefits of the internal echo pattern in ultrasound?
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What are the different echo patterns of the tissue?
What are the different echo patterns of the tissue?
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What does the interpretation of sonograms rely on?
What does the interpretation of sonograms rely on?
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What are the applications of ultrasound?
What are the applications of ultrasound?
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Study Notes
Ultrasonography Basics
- Utilizes sound waves to create real-time images without ionizing radiation.
- The frequency used in ultrasound is greater than 20 kHz, exceeding the audible range.
- Diagnostic ultrasonography typically operates within a frequency range of 1 to 20 MHz.
Transducer Functionality
- Converts electrical impulses from the scanner into high-frequency sound waves.
- Consists of piezoelectric materials that convert electrical energy into sonic energy.
- The most common piezoelectric material is lead zirconate titanate.
Sound Wave Generation
- Sound waves are generated when electrical impulses realign dipoles in the crystal, causing rapid changes in thickness that lead to vibrations.
- This conversion process transforms electrical energy into sound waves.
Sound Wave Reception
- Reflective sonic waves alter the thickness of the piezoelectric crystal, generating electrical signals.
- These signals are amplified, processed, and displayed as images on monitors.
Real-Time Imaging
- Current technology allows for processing echoes rapidly enough to perceive motion within images.
Imaging Modalities
- MRI employs RF pulses while ultrasonography uses sound waves for imaging.
Interaction of Sound Waves with Matter
- Sound waves exhibit various properties including transmission, reflection, refraction, absorption, and scattering.
Spatial Resolution & Frequency
- Spatial resolution depends on wavelength; higher frequency offers better resolution but less penetration.
- High frequency (5-10 MHz) is effective for shallow structures, whereas low frequency (3.5-5 MHz) penetrates deeper but with lower resolution.
Factors Influencing Reflection
- The amount of beam reflection is affected by acoustic impedance, related to tissue density and the angle at which the beam hits the tissue.
Acoustic Impedance Defined
- Calculated as the product of tissue density and sound velocity, expressed in SI units as rayls (kg/(m²·s)).
- Acoustic impedance contributes to the unique internal echo patterns of tissues.
Internal Echo Patterns
- Differentiates various tissues based on the reflected sound signals, correlating with pathological changes:
- Anechoic: No signal, appears black (e.g., fluid-filled cysts).
- Hypoechoic: Weak signal, appears gray (e.g., muscle).
- Hyperechoic: Intense signal, appears bright (e.g., bone, ligaments).
Interpretation of Sonograms
- Relies on understanding the physical properties of ultrasound and the anatomical characteristics of the scanned tissues.
Applications of Ultrasonography
- Used for evaluating neoplasms in various glands and lymph nodes, detecting stones, and guiding fine-needle aspirations.
- Supports advanced imaging techniques, including 3-D imaging for better diagnostic evaluation.
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Description
Test your knowledge of ultrasonography with these flashcards. Explore key concepts, techniques, and definitions related to this imaging method. Ideal for students seeking to reinforce their understanding of ultrasound technology.
