UF PSY2012 Final Exam Flashcards

A research design examining different age groups simultaneously to uncover age-related variations.

A research design following the same individuals over time, observing changes in their development.

Differences between groups born in different eras, due to unique historical events and cultural influences.

The idea that development is influenced by both genetic factors and environmental experiences.

The concept that genes influence how we respond to our environments.

The idea that children actively choose and shape their environments based on their inherent characteristics.

The first stage of prenatal development, from conception to week 2, marked by initial cell division and the formation of the zygote.

The second stage of prenatal development, lasting from week 2 to 8, where the blastocyst develops into an embryo.

The final stage of prenatal development, from week 9 until birth, characterized by rapid growth and organ development.

The process of neuron formation, occurring from the 18th day of pregnancy to six months.

The process of neurons migrating to their designated positions in the brain to form its structures.

Substances that can negatively affect prenatal development, leading to birth defects or developmental challenges.

A serious condition resulting from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, characterized by physical and cognitive impairments.

Inborn, automatic responses that are essential for survival, such as sucking and grasping.

Self-initiated bodily movements that develop with age, like walking, crawling, and reaching.

The transitional period between childhood and adulthood, marked by significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes.

The onset of sexual maturity and reproductive capability, characterized by hormonal changes and physical development.

A theory that posits that children actively construct their understanding of the world through stages, each marked by unique cognitive abilities.

The first stage in Piaget's theory (birth to 2 years), where infants learn through actions and lack object permanence.

The second stage in Piaget's theory (2-7 years), characterized by the development of language and symbolic thought, but with an egocentric perspective.

The third stage in Piaget's theory (7-11 years), where children develop the ability to think logically about concrete situations and understand conservation.

The final stage in Piaget's theory (11-adulthood), marked by the ability to think abstractly, reason hypothetically, and engage in deductive reasoning.

The emotional bond between a child and caregiver, characterized by different attachment styles that impact development.

A parenting style characterized by warmth and nurturing, but with few rules or limits.

A parenting style that emphasizes strict rules, obedience, and punishment.

A parenting style that balances warmth, support, and limits, fostering autonomy and independence.

A parenting style characterized by neglect and lack of involvement in a child's life.

A theory by Erikson that outlines eight stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan, each with a unique developmental crisis to overcome.

A theory by Kohlberg that describes stages of moral development, progressing from focusing on external consequences to internal ethical principles.

A state of discomfort arising from challenges that strain our coping abilities.

Events or circumstances that trigger stress responses.

A coping strategy that involves directly addressing stressors by seeking solutions and taking action.

A coping strategy that focuses on managing emotional reactions to stress by seeking support or using relaxation techniques.

A three-stage model of how organisms respond to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

A personality type characterized by competitiveness, ambition, and a sense of urgency, often linked to higher levels of stress.

Social connections that provide emotional support, practical assistance, and a sense of belonging, helping to manage stress.

A field of study that examines the complex interplay between psychological factors, the nervous system, and the immune response.