UF PSY2012 Final Exam Flashcards

Study of how behavior changes over the lifespan.

Method in which people of different ages are tested and compared at a single time.

Sets of people who lived during one period may differ in some systematic ways from sets of people who lived during a different period.

<p>Method in which the same people are tested at different times over their lifetime to track changes related to age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False assumptions that because one event occurred before another event, it must have caused that event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human development is almost always a two-way street.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impact of genes on behavior depends on the environment where behavior develops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children with certain genetic predispositions often seek out and create their own environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation or deactivation of genes by environmental experiences throughout development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prior to birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From conception to week 2: zygote is formed when sperm cell fertilizes an egg; zygote divides over and over again to form a blastocyst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fertilized egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ball of identical cells early in pregnancy that haven't yet begun to take on any specific function in a body part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From week 2 to week 8, the blastocyst becomes an embryo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From week 9 to birth; becomes a fetus; major organs formed at this point; fetus continues 'bulking up' until birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between the 18th day of pregnancy and the 6th month, neurons are created.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starting around the 4th month, neurons start to move to their final positions and organize into specific brain structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teratogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An environmental factor that can exert a negative impact on prenatal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condition resulting from high levels of prenatal alcohol exposure, causing learning disabilities, physical growth retardation, facial malformations, and behavioral disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automatic motor behaviors (i.e., sucking and rooting).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bodily motion that occurs as a result of self-initiated force that moves the bones and muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transition between childhood and adulthood commonly associated with the teenage years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The achievement of sexual maturation resulting in the potential to reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical features such as the reproductive organs and genitals that distinguish the sexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex-differing characteristics that don't relate directly to reproduction (i.e., breast enlargement or deepening voice).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Start of menstruation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys' first ejaculation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The termination of menstruation, marking the end of a woman's reproductive potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Study of how children acquire the ability to learn, think, reason, communicate, and remember.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>Children are NOT little adults but little scientists. - Children are ACTIVE learners. - Children form schemas.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining a balance between a child's experience of the world and their understanding of it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piagetian process of absorbing new experience into current knowledge structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piagetian process of altering a belief to make it more compatible with experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children's development is marked by radical reorganization of thinking at specific transition points (stages) followed by periods during which their understanding of the world stabilizes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operations, Formal Operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Birth-2 years; Physical interactions with the world; Focus on the here and now without ability to represent experiences mentally; Lack object permanence and deferred imitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of view.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imitation of previously observed behaviors after a delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-7 years; Constructs mental representations of experience, but can't perform operations; Use of symbols; Egocentric; Lack conservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to think about things that are absent from immediate surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7-11 years; Can perform mental operations, but only for actual physical events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>11-adulthood; Can understand hypothetical reasoning beyond the here and now.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to see the world from others' perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piagetian task requiring children to understand that despite a transformation in the physical presentation of an amount, the amount remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory focused on social and cultural influences on cognitive development. Different children develop skills in different domains at different rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parents structure environments for learning and then gradually remove the structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase of learning during which children can benefit from instruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to reason about what other people know or believe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Task that evaluates children's ability to understand that someone else believes something they know to be wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to inhibit impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fear of strangers developing at 8 or 9 months of age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic emotional style that appears early in development and is largely genetic in origin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strong emotional connection we share with those to whom we feel closest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developmental windows in creatures with a greater range of behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific windows during which an event must occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biologically primed form of attachment in some species of birds and in a few mammals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive emotions afforded by touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How infants react when separated from mom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insecure-avoidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permissive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Style of parenting: lenient, little discipline, affectionate, 'too soft'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Style of parenting: very strict, punishing, little affection, 'too hard'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Style of parenting: supportive but set firm limits, 'just right'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Style of parenting: neglectful and ignoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilemma concerning an individual's relations to other people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toddlerhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preconventional</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kohlberg's stage of moral development that focused on punishment and reward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kohlberg's stage of moral development that focuses on societal values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kohlberg's stage of moral development that focuses on internal moral principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a stressor strains our ability to cope effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focuses on identifying situations that cause varying levels of stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assesses psychological and physical reactions to stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examines how people interpret and cope with stressful events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coping strategy by which we problem-solve and tackle life's challenges head-on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviors that reduce painful emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minor annoyance or nuisance that strains our ability to cope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress-response pattern proposed by Hans Selye that consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alarm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defend themselves or escape a threatening situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaction that mobilizes people to nurture or seek social support under stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our body's defense system against invading bacteria, viruses, and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life-threatening incurable and yet treatable condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and damages the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>View that an illness or a medical condition is the product of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personality type that describes people who are competitive, driven, hostile, and ambitious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relationships with people and groups that can provide us with emotional comfort and personal and financial resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to step up and do something to reduce the impact of a stressful situation or prevent its recurrence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to think differently about negative emotions that arise in response to stress-provoking events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to choose among alternative courses of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to acquire information about a stressful event.</p> Signup and view all the answers