Questions and Answers
What does the term 'comprehensive' mean?
Covered completely, inclusive.
What is democracy?
A form of government in which the people participate in decision-making.
What is a republic?
A form of government run by an elected leader and elected representatives.
What does 'rule of law' refer to?
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What is tyranny?
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Where did democracy begin?
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What reforms did Athenian leaders make in 594 BCE?
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Who increased the power of the assembly in Athenian democracy?
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What was created by Pericles to strengthen Athenian democracy?
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What did Pericles believe about Athens' laws compared to other city-states?
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What bodies made up the Athenian democratic structure after Pericles' reforms?
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What was Athenian trial by jury like?
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Which democratic ideals were practiced by Athens? (Select all that apply)
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What did Greek philosophers use to answer society's questions?
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What did Plato write about in his work?
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What form of government did Aristotle explore?
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What is a common idea supported by both Plato and Aristotle?
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What did the Roman Republic create?
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What type of democracy was practiced in the Roman Republic?
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What were the Twelve Tables?
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What influenced many democratic governments of today?
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What did the Justinian Code include?
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How did Rome's government separate power?
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What aspect of Athenian government influences modern democracies?
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What was a requirement for someone accusing another of a crime under Roman law?
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How did citizens in Athens' first democracy divide?
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What did Pericles believe the Athenian government should favor?
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What likely took place under Athens' jury system?
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What did Plato warn about in his writing?
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What did Aristotle argue about just governments?
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What did Plato and Aristotle share in their beliefs?
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How is the democracy in Rome characterized?
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Who created a direct democracy in Athens?
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Study Notes
Government Types and Terms
- Comprehensive: Covered completely and inclusive in context.
- Democracy: A government form where people participate in decision-making.
- Republic: A government run by elected leaders and representatives.
- Rule of Law: The principle that all individuals, including those in power, are subject to the law.
- Tyranny: Oppressive and unfair treatment by those in power.
Ancient Greek Democracy
- Greek City-States: Democracy emerged in Greek city-states during the 500s and 400s BCE, each with unique government structures.
- First Democracy: In 594 BCE, Athenian leaders, particularly Solon, reformed Athens' government into a system where all free adult males could be citizens and vote.
- Limited Democracy in Athens: By 508 BCE, Cleisthenes reformed the Athenian democracy, empowering the assembly and allowing all citizens to propose laws and vote.
- Direct Democracy in Athens: From 461 to 429 BCE, Pericles strengthened Athenian democracy by creating the council of 500, increasing public officials, and instituting pay for jurors, leading to direct democracy.
Athenian Democratic Structure
- General Assembly: Composed of all Athenian citizens; voted on laws and decisions, led by elected generals.
- Council of 500: Made up of randomly selected citizens, prepared laws, and managed the city-state in the assembly's absence.
Legal and Trial Systems
- Trial by Jury: Developed an organized jury system with randomly selected jurors, primarily males over 30, typically consisting of 500 members who voted via bronze ballots.
- The Twelve Tables: Established in 451 BCE, these were the first written Roman laws, affirming equality and protection under the law.
Philosophical Contributions
- Greek Philosophy: Focused on logic and reason to understand natural laws and societal questions.
- Plato: Advocated for a government led by philosophers, considered democracy an unjust system, and emphasized the rule of law in his work, "The Republic."
- Aristotle: Explored practical government forms in his book "Politics," supporting rule of law as a safeguard against tyranny.
Impact of Roman Government
- Roman Republic Formation: Originated as a city-state and expanded into an empire, establishing a republic by the sixth century BCE with structured governance and a written legal code.
- Indirect Democracy: Citizens elected representatives (magistrates, senators, consuls) to make decisions on their behalf.
- Roman Legal Principles: Influenced modern democracies with principles such as the presumption of innocence and the burden of proof on the accuser.
Legacy and Comparisons
- Athenian vs. Roman Democracy: While Athens practiced direct democracy where citizens voted directly on laws, Rome featured an indirect democratic structure with elected representatives.
- Enduring Influence: Ideals from Greek and Roman governments, such as the importance of written laws and democratic principles, shaped modern democratic systems.
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Description
This quiz includes key definitions related to the influence of Greek and Roman government, including terms like democracy, republic, and rule of law. Each term is defined to help understand the foundations of modern governance. Perfect for students studying U.S. history or government courses.