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Questions and Answers
What is the process of physical breakdown and/or chemical alteration of rocks at or near Earth’s surface called?
What is the process of physical breakdown and/or chemical alteration of rocks at or near Earth’s surface called?
- Sedimentation
- Deposition
- Erosion
- Weathering (correct)
Which type of weathering results in the disintegration of rocks, breaking them into smaller pieces without changing the rock’s mineral composition?
Which type of weathering results in the disintegration of rocks, breaking them into smaller pieces without changing the rock’s mineral composition?
- Chemical Weathering (correct)
- Biological Weathering
- Frost Wedging
- Thermal Stress
In which type of weathering do rocks react to temperature changes during the day or between seasons by expanding or contracting?
In which type of weathering do rocks react to temperature changes during the day or between seasons by expanding or contracting?
- Thermal Stress (correct)
- Abrasion Weathering
- Biological Weathering
- Salt Crystal Growth
What can cause rocks to fall apart by exerting force as water evaporates from pore spaces or cracks in rocks?
What can cause rocks to fall apart by exerting force as water evaporates from pore spaces or cracks in rocks?
Which of the following is NOT a type of Physical / Mechanical Weathering?
Which of the following is NOT a type of Physical / Mechanical Weathering?
What can lead to weathering of rocks through mining, road and dam construction, and deforestation?
What can lead to weathering of rocks through mining, road and dam construction, and deforestation?
What is the process of breaking up rocks into smaller pieces without changing the mineral composition called?
What is the process of breaking up rocks into smaller pieces without changing the mineral composition called?
Which type of weathering involves the wearing away of rocks by the constant collision of loose particles?
Which type of weathering involves the wearing away of rocks by the constant collision of loose particles?
What leads to the disintegration of rocks by exerting force as water evaporates from pore spaces or cracks in rocks?
What leads to the disintegration of rocks by exerting force as water evaporates from pore spaces or cracks in rocks?
Which type of weathering occurs in regions where temperature fluctuates above and below freezing point, resulting in a freeze-thaw cycle?
Which type of weathering occurs in regions where temperature fluctuates above and below freezing point, resulting in a freeze-thaw cycle?
Which type of weathering results from human activities such as mining, road and dam construction, deforestation, etc.?
Which type of weathering results from human activities such as mining, road and dam construction, deforestation, etc.?
What type of weathering involves rocks reacting to temperature changes during the day or between seasons by expanding or contracting?
What type of weathering involves rocks reacting to temperature changes during the day or between seasons by expanding or contracting?
What is the process by which a mineral dissolves in water, producing ions but no new minerals?
What is the process by which a mineral dissolves in water, producing ions but no new minerals?
Which layer of the Earth is believed to be composed of metals but is not kept in a liquid state?
Which layer of the Earth is believed to be composed of metals but is not kept in a liquid state?
What is the primary source of heat energy during the early formation of the Earth?
What is the primary source of heat energy during the early formation of the Earth?
Which type of heat transport in the Earth involves the transfer of heat by the movement of mass?
Which type of heat transport in the Earth involves the transfer of heat by the movement of mass?
What type of chemical weathering occurs when water combines with substances to form new, softer substances than the original rock types?
What type of chemical weathering occurs when water combines with substances to form new, softer substances than the original rock types?
Which layer of the Earth is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 km?
Which layer of the Earth is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 km?
What process involves rocks reacting to temperature changes by expanding or contracting?
What process involves rocks reacting to temperature changes by expanding or contracting?
Which type of weathering involves the reaction between calcite and weak acids from rainwater and groundwater?
Which type of weathering involves the reaction between calcite and weak acids from rainwater and groundwater?
What type of heat transport in the Earth involves the transmission of heat through collisions between neighboring atoms?
What type of heat transport in the Earth involves the transmission of heat through collisions between neighboring atoms?
What can cause rocks to fall apart by exerting force as water evaporates from pore spaces or cracks in rocks?
What can cause rocks to fall apart by exerting force as water evaporates from pore spaces or cracks in rocks?
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Study Notes
Weathering
- Weathering is the process of physical breakdown and/or chemical alteration of rocks at or near Earth's surface.
- Physical/Mechanical weathering involves the disintegration of rocks, breaking them into smaller pieces without changing the rock's mineral composition.
- There are several types of physical weathering, including:
- Thermal weathering, where rocks react to temperature changes during the day or between seasons by expanding or contracting.
- Frost wedging, where rocks break apart due to the freezing and expansion of water in pore spaces or cracks.
- Exfoliation, where rocks fall apart due to the release of pressure as overlaying rocks are removed.
- Abrasion, where rocks are worn away by the constant collision of loose particles.
Chemical Weathering
- Chemical weathering involves the reaction of rocks with their environment, resulting in changes to the mineral composition.
- Types of chemical weathering include:
- Hydrolysis, where water combines with substances to form new, softer substances than the original rock types.
- Carbonation, where rocks react with weak acids from rainwater and groundwater, resulting in the formation of new minerals.
- Oxidation, where rocks react with oxygen, resulting in changes to the mineral composition.
Human Impact on Weathering
- Human activities such as mining, road and dam construction, and deforestation can lead to weathering of rocks.
Earth's Layers
- The Earth's core is believed to be composed of metals but is not kept in a liquid state.
- The inner solid layer has a radius of about 1,220 km.
Heat Transport in the Earth
- There are two types of heat transport in the Earth: conduction and convection.
- Conduction involves the transmission of heat through collisions between neighboring atoms.
- Convection involves the transfer of heat by the movement of mass.
- The primary source of heat energy during the early formation of the Earth is the energy released during the gravitational collapse of the planet.
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