22 Questions
What is the process of physical breakdown and/or chemical alteration of rocks at or near Earth’s surface called?
Weathering
Which type of weathering results in the disintegration of rocks, breaking them into smaller pieces without changing the rock’s mineral composition?
Chemical Weathering
In which type of weathering do rocks react to temperature changes during the day or between seasons by expanding or contracting?
Thermal Stress
What can cause rocks to fall apart by exerting force as water evaporates from pore spaces or cracks in rocks?
Salt Crystal Growth
Which of the following is NOT a type of Physical / Mechanical Weathering?
Chemical Weathering
What can lead to weathering of rocks through mining, road and dam construction, and deforestation?
Anthropogenic Activities
What is the process of breaking up rocks into smaller pieces without changing the mineral composition called?
Frost wedging
Which type of weathering involves the wearing away of rocks by the constant collision of loose particles?
Abrasion weathering
What leads to the disintegration of rocks by exerting force as water evaporates from pore spaces or cracks in rocks?
Salt crystal growth
Which type of weathering occurs in regions where temperature fluctuates above and below freezing point, resulting in a freeze-thaw cycle?
Frost wedging
Which type of weathering results from human activities such as mining, road and dam construction, deforestation, etc.?
Anthropogenic activities
What type of weathering involves rocks reacting to temperature changes during the day or between seasons by expanding or contracting?
Thermal stress
What is the process by which a mineral dissolves in water, producing ions but no new minerals?
Carbonation
Which layer of the Earth is believed to be composed of metals but is not kept in a liquid state?
Inner core
What is the primary source of heat energy during the early formation of the Earth?
Primordial heat
Which type of heat transport in the Earth involves the transfer of heat by the movement of mass?
Convection
What type of chemical weathering occurs when water combines with substances to form new, softer substances than the original rock types?
Hydrolysis
Which layer of the Earth is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 km?
Inner core
What process involves rocks reacting to temperature changes by expanding or contracting?
Physical / Mechanical Weathering
Which type of weathering involves the reaction between calcite and weak acids from rainwater and groundwater?
Dissolution
What type of heat transport in the Earth involves the transmission of heat through collisions between neighboring atoms?
Conduction
What can cause rocks to fall apart by exerting force as water evaporates from pore spaces or cracks in rocks?
Biological activities
Study Notes
Weathering
- Weathering is the process of physical breakdown and/or chemical alteration of rocks at or near Earth's surface.
- Physical/Mechanical weathering involves the disintegration of rocks, breaking them into smaller pieces without changing the rock's mineral composition.
- There are several types of physical weathering, including:
- Thermal weathering, where rocks react to temperature changes during the day or between seasons by expanding or contracting.
- Frost wedging, where rocks break apart due to the freezing and expansion of water in pore spaces or cracks.
- Exfoliation, where rocks fall apart due to the release of pressure as overlaying rocks are removed.
- Abrasion, where rocks are worn away by the constant collision of loose particles.
Chemical Weathering
- Chemical weathering involves the reaction of rocks with their environment, resulting in changes to the mineral composition.
- Types of chemical weathering include:
- Hydrolysis, where water combines with substances to form new, softer substances than the original rock types.
- Carbonation, where rocks react with weak acids from rainwater and groundwater, resulting in the formation of new minerals.
- Oxidation, where rocks react with oxygen, resulting in changes to the mineral composition.
Human Impact on Weathering
- Human activities such as mining, road and dam construction, and deforestation can lead to weathering of rocks.
Earth's Layers
- The Earth's core is believed to be composed of metals but is not kept in a liquid state.
- The inner solid layer has a radius of about 1,220 km.
Heat Transport in the Earth
- There are two types of heat transport in the Earth: conduction and convection.
- Conduction involves the transmission of heat through collisions between neighboring atoms.
- Convection involves the transfer of heat by the movement of mass.
- The primary source of heat energy during the early formation of the Earth is the energy released during the gravitational collapse of the planet.
Learn about the physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rocks at or near Earth’s surface through this quiz. Explore the types of weathering such as physical/mechanical weathering and chemical weathering.
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