18 Questions
What is the term used to describe the molten rock that reaches the Earth's surface?
Lava
What is the property of a material's resistance to flow, also described as the liquid's thickness or stickiness?
Viscosity
What is the process by which volcanic eruptions start, with the accumulation of magma beneath the Earth's surface?
Build-up of magma
What is the term used to describe the molten rock that is underground, before it reaches the surface?
Magma
What is the process by which the increasing pressure in the magma chamber may eventually lead to the fracturing of the Earth's crust above the magma chamber?
Formation of vent
What is the process by which magma is formed from the melting of rock in the Earth's mantle due to high temperatures and pressure?
Melting of rock in the mantle
What is the primary force that causes the ascent of magma towards the surface during an eruption?
Buoyancy and pressure from below
The type of eruption that occurs when the magma is highly viscous and contains a significant amount of gas is known as:
Explosive eruption
Which of the following is a characteristic of effusive eruptions?
Less viscous magma with fewer gases
What is the primary cause of the build-up of magma beneath the Earth's surface?
Tectonic plate movement
What is the main mechanism that allows the magma to ascend towards the surface during an eruption?
Expansion of gases within the magma
What is the primary factor that determines the type of eruption (explosive or effusive) that will occur?
The viscosity and gas content of the magma
What is the main factor that causes magma to be fragmented into small pieces during explosive volcanic eruptions?
Violent gas expansion
Which type of volcanic material consists of tiny rock and mineral particles less than 2 mm in diameter?
Volcanic ash
What is the main reason why lapilli, small rock fragments ejected during volcanic eruptions, have sizes ranging from 2 mm to 64 mm in diameter?
Interaction with surrounding gases as magma ascends towards the surface
Which volcanic material is responsible for forming fast-moving avalanches of hot gases, ash, and volcanic rock fragments?
Pyroclastic flow
How can volcanic eruptions positively impact the availability of construction materials?
By providing sources of basalt, pumice, and volcanic ash
What role does violent gas expansion play in the process of explosive volcanic eruptions?
Fragmenting magma into small pieces
Explore different types of volcanic eruptions such as Phreatomagmatic, Strombolian, Vulcanian, and Plinian. Learn about their characteristics and the phenomena observed during each type of eruption.
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