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Questions and Answers
What type of viral infection causes immediate symptoms, such as the common cold or influenza?
What type of viral infection causes immediate symptoms, such as the common cold or influenza?
What is the ability of a virus to infect specific cells or tissues called?
What is the ability of a virus to infect specific cells or tissues called?
How is a virus transmitted from mother to child?
How is a virus transmitted from mother to child?
What is the first line of defense against viral infection?
What is the first line of defense against viral infection?
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What is the process by which a virus infects a host cell and replicates?
What is the process by which a virus infects a host cell and replicates?
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What type of infection can cause cancer, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B and C?
What type of infection can cause cancer, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B and C?
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What is the release of signaling molecules that help to fight infection called?
What is the release of signaling molecules that help to fight infection called?
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What is the use of laboratory tests to detect the presence of a virus called?
What is the use of laboratory tests to detect the presence of a virus called?
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Study Notes
Types of Viral Diseases
- Acute infections: Short-term infections that cause immediate symptoms, such as the common cold or influenza.
- Chronic infections: Long-term infections that can cause ongoing symptoms, such as hepatitis or HIV.
- Latent infections: Infections that can remain dormant for a period of time, such as herpes or chickenpox.
- Oncogenic infections: Infections that can cause cancer, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B and C.
Mechanisms of Viral Disease
- Cellular tropism: The ability of a virus to infect specific cells or tissues, determining the type of disease it causes.
- Immune evasion: The ability of a virus to evade the host's immune system, allowing it to replicate and cause disease.
- Cytokine response: The release of cytokines, which are signaling molecules that help to fight infection, but can also contribute to disease pathology.
Viral Replication and Transmission
- Viral replication cycle: The process by which a virus infects a host cell, replicates, and produces new viral particles.
- Horizontal transmission: The transmission of a virus from one individual to another, such as through contact or airborne transmission.
- Vertical transmission: The transmission of a virus from mother to child, such as during pregnancy or childbirth.
Host-Virus Interactions
- Innate immunity: The first line of defense against viral infection, involving physical and chemical barriers, as well as immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages.
- Adaptive immunity: The specific immune response to viral infection, involving the activation of T cells and B cells.
- Immunopathology: The damage caused by the immune response to viral infection, which can contribute to disease pathology.
Viral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Viral diagnosis: The use of laboratory tests, such as PCR or ELISA, to detect the presence of a virus.
- Antiviral therapy: The use of medications to treat viral infections, such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV.
- Vaccination: The administration of a vaccine to prevent viral infection, such as the flu vaccine.
Types of Viral Diseases
- Acute infections are short-term, causing immediate symptoms, like common cold or influenza.
- Chronic infections are long-term, causing ongoing symptoms, like hepatitis or HIV.
- Latent infections can remain dormant for a period, like herpes or chickenpox.
- Oncogenic infections can cause cancer, like human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B and C.
Mechanisms of Viral Disease
- Cellular tropism determines the type of disease a virus causes based on the cells or tissues it infects.
- Immune evasion allows viruses to replicate and cause disease by evading the host's immune system.
- Cytokine response is the release of signaling molecules that fight infection, but can also contribute to disease pathology.
Viral Replication and Transmission
- Viral replication cycle involves infecting a host cell, replicating, and producing new viral particles.
- Horizontal transmission occurs through contact or airborne transmission from one individual to another.
- Vertical transmission occurs from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth.
Host-Virus Interactions
- Innate immunity is the first line of defense, involving physical and chemical barriers, and immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages.
- Adaptive immunity is the specific immune response to viral infection, involving T cells and B cells.
- Immunopathology is the damage caused by the immune response to viral infection, contributing to disease pathology.
Viral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Viral diagnosis involves laboratory tests like PCR or ELISA to detect viral presence.
- Antiviral therapy uses medications to treat viral infections, like antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV.
- Vaccination prevents viral infection by administering a vaccine, like the flu vaccine.
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Description
This quiz covers the different types of viral diseases, including acute, chronic, latent, and oncogenic infections.
