Types of Viral Diseases

Types of Viral Diseases

• Acute infections: Short-term infections that cause immediate symptoms, such as the common cold or influenza.
• Chronic infections: Long-term infections that can cause ongoing symptoms, such as hepatitis or HIV.
• Latent infections: Infections that can remain dormant for a period of time, such as herpes or chickenpox.
• Oncogenic infections: Infections that can cause cancer, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B and C.

Mechanisms of Viral Disease

• Cellular tropism: The ability of a virus to infect specific cells or tissues, determining the type of disease it causes.
• Immune evasion: The ability of a virus to evade the host's immune system, allowing it to replicate and cause disease.
• Cytokine response: The release of cytokines, which are signaling molecules that help to fight infection, but can also contribute to disease pathology.

Viral Replication and Transmission

• Viral replication cycle: The process by which a virus infects a host cell, replicates, and produces new viral particles.
• Horizontal transmission: The transmission of a virus from one individual to another, such as through contact or airborne transmission.
• Vertical transmission: The transmission of a virus from mother to child, such as during pregnancy or childbirth.

Host-Virus Interactions

• Innate immunity: The first line of defense against viral infection, involving physical and chemical barriers, as well as immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages.
• Adaptive immunity: The specific immune response to viral infection, involving the activation of T cells and B cells.
• Immunopathology: The damage caused by the immune response to viral infection, which can contribute to disease pathology.

Viral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

• Viral diagnosis: The use of laboratory tests, such as PCR or ELISA, to detect the presence of a virus.
• Antiviral therapy: The use of medications to treat viral infections, such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV.
• Vaccination: The administration of a vaccine to prevent viral infection, such as the flu vaccine.

Types of Viral Diseases

• Acute infections are short-term, causing immediate symptoms, like common cold or influenza.
• Chronic infections are long-term, causing ongoing symptoms, like hepatitis or HIV.
• Latent infections can remain dormant for a period, like herpes or chickenpox.
• Oncogenic infections can cause cancer, like human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B and C.

Mechanisms of Viral Disease

• Cellular tropism determines the type of disease a virus causes based on the cells or tissues it infects.
• Immune evasion allows viruses to replicate and cause disease by evading the host's immune system.
• Cytokine response is the release of signaling molecules that fight infection, but can also contribute to disease pathology.

Viral Replication and Transmission

• Viral replication cycle involves infecting a host cell, replicating, and producing new viral particles.
• Horizontal transmission occurs through contact or airborne transmission from one individual to another.
• Vertical transmission occurs from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth.

Host-Virus Interactions

• Innate immunity is the first line of defense, involving physical and chemical barriers, and immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages.
• Adaptive immunity is the specific immune response to viral infection, involving T cells and B cells.
• Immunopathology is the damage caused by the immune response to viral infection, contributing to disease pathology.

Viral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

• Viral diagnosis involves laboratory tests like PCR or ELISA to detect viral presence.
• Antiviral therapy uses medications to treat viral infections, like antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV.
• Vaccination prevents viral infection by administering a vaccine, like the flu vaccine.