Types of Therapy

87 Questions

Which treatment is NOT listed under Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Participant Modeling

Which treatment is common to both Agoraphobia and Social Anxiety?

CBT

Which of the following is a treatment for both Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and PTSD?

Exposure and Response Prevention

Which treatment is NOT used for Panic Attacks?

Virtual Reality Therapy

Which of these treatments is specifically listed for Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Antidepressants

Which treatment is NOT associated with Dissociative Identity Disorder?

Hypnotic Therapy

What therapy is NOT a listed treatment for Depression?

Client-Centered Therapy

Which treatment is listed for Generalized Anxiety Disorder but NOT for Specific Phobia?

Benzodiazepines

Which therapy focuses on helping individuals with PTSD examine and change dysfunctional attitudes developed due to their traumatic experiences?

Cognitive Processing Therapy

Which treatment method for depression involves an implanted pulse generator that sends electrical signals to the brain?

Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Which type of drugs are used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing mood swings?

Mood Stabilizers

What is the main goal of Aversion Therapy?

Presenting unpleasant stimuli to reduce undesirable behaviors

Which therapy method helps people identify and change maladaptive assumptions?

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

Which technique involves clients confronting their traumatic memories and related objects or situations?

Prolonged Exposure

Which treatment involves teaching clients to keep track of their drinking behavior and plan for risky situations?

Relapse-Prevention Training

Which intervention for OCD involves exposing the client to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and preventing compulsive acts?

Exposure and Response Prevention

Which therapy uses the therapeutic relationship to help patients understand their own and others' feelings and emotions?

Mentalization

Which antidepressant treatment works by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin into neurons?

SSRIs

Which group is identified as the most vulnerable to mental health challenges during the pandemic?

Young people

Which key factor makes telemedicine a viable alternative for providing mental health care during a pandemic?

Accessibility despite in-person restrictions

Which of the following is NOT a listed impact of working from home on mental health?

Lower levels of stress

Learning deficits due to the pandemic are particularly large among children from which backgrounds?

Low socioeconomic backgrounds

The article mentions a range of issues faced in the Philippines due to school closures. Which of the following is NOT mentioned?

Improved educational outcomes

Why are Filipino children at a higher risk during the pandemic?

Lack of comprehensive strategies to address their mental health

Which of the following conditions has NOT contributed to higher stress levels in people working from home?

Increased social interactions

Teleconsultations can help overcome barriers to mental health care access. Which of the following is NOT one of those barriers?

High in-person appointment rates

What should psychologists do if they make a mistake?

Take steps to correct or minimize the mistake

What should psychologists consider when providing services during emergencies?

Services should be discontinued once appropriate services become available

What is required before psychologists record voices and images of individuals?

Obtain permission from all individuals involved

Under what condition can psychologists disclose confidential information without consent?

When legally mandated

How should psychologists address ethical violations witnessed in other psychologists?

Address them informally if possible without violating confidentiality rights

What should psychologists do when providing services to legally incapable clients?

Explain the services, obtain client assent, consider preferences and get permission from a legally authorized person

Which disorder did Freud and Pierre Janet separate from neurasthenia?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Under what circumstances can unqualified individuals perform psychological assessments?

Under the supervision of a qualified person

What abnormal personality term did Pierre Janet use to describe obsessional patients?

Psychasthenia

When should psychologists terminate therapy with a client?

When the service is no longer needed, not beneficial or harmful

What features did Pierre Janet attribute to psychasthenia?

Anxiety, excessive worrying, and doubting

Which of the following is true about informed consent in court-ordered services?

Clients must be informed about the mandated nature and limits of confidentiality

Which therapeutic techniques did Pierre Janet describe as effective for treating compulsions and rituals?

Behavioral therapy

When providing services to multiple clients within a relationship, what must psychologists do?

Clarify the nature of their relationship with each person and address conflicts

Who isolated OCD from neurasthenia besides Pierre Janet?

Sigmund Freud

Which therapy is often highly effective for small-animal phobia?

Exposure therapy

Which medication can enhance exposure therapy for fear of heights in a virtual reality environment?

D-Cycloserine

What is a major disadvantage of medication treatment for OCD?

High relapse rates upon discontinuation

Which therapy has a 70% response rate compared to traditional individual CBT with psychoeducation?

Positive Family Interaction Therapy

Which treatment is considered the most effective for Borderline Personality Disorder?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

What does cognitive remediation target in individuals with schizophrenia?

Attention, planning, memory, and problem-solving

Which of the following is true regarding medication treatment for panic disorder?

Clients show greater likelihood of relapse after tapering

What is a common benefit of CBT for individuals who use benzodiazepines?

Successful tapering of medications

Which psychological disorder is most effectively treated with Parent Management Training?

Conduct Disorder

Which treatment is not listed for Histrionic PD?

Antianxiety Medication

Which treatment is exclusively mentioned for Obsessive-Compulsive PD?

SSRIs

Which combination of psychotherapies and medications is suggested as most effective for severe unipolar depression?

ECT with maintenance therapy

Which treatment is recommended for Autism Spectrum Disorder but not for other listed disorders?

Parent training

What is the most effective treatment for panic disorders according to the document?

CBT

Which disorders are treated, among other treatments, with short-term psychotherapy according to the document?

Avoidant PD and Dependent PD

Which therapy has shown better results when combined with psychotropic medications?

Short-term psychodynamic therapy

Which treatment for Borderline PD involves skills training and mindfulness?

DBT

Which treatment is specified for both ADHD and Encopresis, Enuresis?

Parent Management Training

What is RA 11036 better known as?

Mental Health Act

Which organization provides free telephone counseling for Filipinos?

UP Diliman Psychosocial Services

Which mental health condition is characterized by partial delusion?

Monomania

What is a significant problem in schools, exacerbated by social media?

Bullying

Which strategy is being developed to address suicide prevention in the Philippines?

National Suicide Prevention Strategy

What challenge does the transition from blended learning to in-person classes create for students?

Additional mental pressures

Which entity has launched a multi-sectoral approach to address mental health concerns?

Department of Health

Which recommendation is suggested to reduce out-of-pocket expenses for mental health consultations?

Increase government funding for mental health services

What specific concerns must informed consent for telepsychology address?

Unique concerns related to the telepsychology services

What are psychologists using telecommunication technologies encouraged to weigh before engaging in dual relationships?

The risks and benefits of dual relationships

What must telepsychologists ensure regarding their practice?

Competence with both technologies and their impact

What should telepsychologists obtain when necessary?

Appropriate consultation with technology experts

Which group is NOT more likely to experience mental illness symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Young adults without pre-existing health conditions

Which aspect of online learning in nursing education is noted as not significantly different from other forms of learning?

Impact on knowledge acquisition

What challenges have institutions faced with online learning following the COVID-19 pandemic?

Negative learning attitudes and poorer performance

What is a potential risk to confidentiality for psychologists using telecommunication technologies?

Use of search engines and participation in social networking sites

What are psychologists who use social networking sites encouraged to consider?

Utilizing privacy settings to reduce risks

What must psychologists be knowledgeable about regarding telepsychology?

Unique impacts on test administration and interpretation

What was identified as the greatest challenge of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Learning environment at home

Which mental health issue was revealed as most common among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Insomnia

What did the WHO state as a consequence of prolonged exposure to excessive stress for frontline workers?

Triggering common mental disorders

Which mental health disorder was most commonly reported by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Post-traumatic stress disorder

According to studies, which group is associated with larger reductions in anxiety or depression symptoms due to COVID-19 vaccination?

Individuals who rent their housing

How did younger groups reportedly differ from older groups in terms of pandemic-related mental health?

More pronounced uncertainty and anxiety

What was a significant concern among Filipinos regarding COVID-19 vaccines?

The authenticity of vaccine samples

Which psychological problems were new-onset in children during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Boredom and inattention

Which group is highly vulnerable to mental health implications of COVID-19 stress?

Students and unemployed respondents

What was a common unhealthy behavior among frontline workers due to prolonged stress exposure?

Using tobacco or alcohol

Study Notes

Different Types of Therapy

Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Helps individuals with emotional regulation difficulties and self-destructive behaviors by accepting their reality and behaviors.
Neutralizing: Aims to eliminate unacceptable thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that make up for those thoughts.
Exposure and Response (Ritual) Prevention: Treats OCD by exposing clients to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and preventing them from performing compulsive acts.
Beck's Cognitive Therapy: Identifies and changes maladaptive assumptions and ways of thinking that contribute to psychological disorders.
Aversion Therapy: Presents clients with unpleasant stimuli while performing undesirable behaviors.
Relapse-Prevention Training: Treats alcohol use disorder by teaching clients to track their drinking behavior, apply coping strategies, and plan for risky situations.

Psychological Interventions for Treatment

Treatments for Anxiety Disorders: Includes free association, dream interpretation, transference, resistance, client-centered therapy, CBT, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics.
Treatments for Other Disorders: Includes antidepressants, CBT, exposure therapy, and group and family therapy for depression, PTSD, and other disorders.

Ethics in Psychology

Ethical Principles: Correcting mistakes, resolving ethical violations, providing services in underserved areas, and providing services during emergencies.
Informed Consent: Legally incapable clients, court-ordered services, documentation, and interruption of services.
Confidentiality: Limits of confidentiality, recording voices and images, and disclosure of confidential information.
Psychological Treatment Options: Various treatments for different disorders, including borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and others.

Evaluate the Efficacy of Psychological Interventions

Psychodynamic Therapy: Effective in cases of depression with clear history of childhood loss or trauma.
Short-term Psychodynamic Therapies: Performed better than long-term approaches, especially when combined with psychotropic medications.
Mood Stabilizers: Reduce manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder.
Antipsychotic Drugs: Reduce positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Exposure Therapies: Effective in treating phobias.
Benzodiazepines: Effective in treating panic disorder, but used less often than antidepressants.
CBT: Equally effective as antidepressant drugs in treating panic disorders.

Mental Disorders and Treatment

Psychotherapy: Successful in many cases of schizophrenia, and cognitive remediation brings about moderate improvements in attention, planning, memory, and problem-solving.
CBT: Helps people with schizophrenia feel more control over their hallucinations and reduce their delusional ideas.
Exposure Therapy: Highly effective in treating certain phobias, and medication treatments are ineffective by themselves.

Socio-Cultural Factors and Ethics

Stigma: A strong lack of respect for a person or group.
Telepsychology: Provision of psychological services using telecommunication technologies, ensuring competence, informed consent, and confidentiality.

Global Health Crisis and Mental Health Law

COVID-19 Pandemic: People may experience cognitive and attention deficits, anxiety, depression, psychosis, seizures, and suicidal behavior after infection.
Mental Health: People from racial and ethnic minority groups, mothers, pregnant people, those in poverty, children, people with disabilities, and people with pre-existing mental illnesses are more likely to experience symptoms of mental illnesses or disorders during the pandemic.

Online Classes

Challenges: Learning environment at home, technological literacy, and competency.
Impact: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the quality of learning experience and students' mental health.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health

Frontliners: Experienced insomnia, anxiety, PTSD, depression, and stress due to the pandemic.
Mental Health Disorders: Healthcare workers experienced PTSD, anxiety, depression, and distress due to the pandemic.
Consequences: Exposure to excessive stress can lead to burnout, trigger mental disorders, result in unhealthy behaviors, and increase the risk of suicide among frontline workers.### COVID-19 Vaccination
Associated with larger reductions in anxiety or depression symptoms among individuals with lower education levels, who rent their housing, who are not able to telework, and who have children in their household.

Mental Health Impacts from the Pandemic

Young people are most vulnerable during a pandemic.
Anxiety, depression, irritability, boredom, inattention, and fear of COVID-19 are predominant new-onset psychological problems in children during the pandemic.
Children with pre-existing behavioral problems like autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have a high probability of worsening of their behavioral symptoms.

Teleconsultations

Telemedicine is a viable alternative for providing mental health care to people who are unable to receive in-person treatment.

Work From Home

Financial considerations, health concerns, and inconsistencies in the workplace setup have contributed to higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.

Children

Learning deficits are particularly large among children from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
School closures have led to high rates of learning loss, mental distress, missed vaccinations, and heightened risk of drop out, child labor, and child marriage in the Philippines.

Key Findings

Young people are most vulnerable to mental health challenges during pandemics.
Telemedicine is a suitable alternative for providing mental health care in these situations.
Work from home setups have contributed to higher levels of anxiety and depression.
Children have experienced significant learning loss, mental health issues, and school closures as a result of the pandemic.

Evaluating the Impact of Global Health Crisis on Mental Health

Key Takeaways:

Mental health conditions are impacting the Philippines, as seen in rising suicide rates and an increasing demand for mental health services.
RA 11036 (Mental Health Act) was passed in 2019 to address mental health challenges and improve access to care.
Training for healthcare professionals and community leaders is ongoing to address mental health needs.

Challenges:

Limited access to mental health care, particularly in rural areas.
Out-of-pocket expenses for mental health consultations pose a challenge for many Filipinos.
The transition from blended learning to in-person classes is creating additional pressures on students.
Bullying, exacerbated by social media, remains a serious problem in schools.

Recommendations:

Increase government funding for mental health services to expand access and reduce out-of-pocket expenses.
Develop and implement specific programs to promote mental health in schools and address the needs of students.
Address the stigma surrounding mental health and encourage open dialogue about mental health issues.
Continue investing in training and development for mental health professionals and community leaders.
Work to improve access to mental health services in rural areas.

Explore different types of therapy, including Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Neutralizing, and Exposure and Response Prevention. Learn how they help individuals with emotional regulation and mental health issues.

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