Types of Sweat Glands

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the three bones in the inner ear?

To facilitate digestion

To help in breathing

To support the head and torso

To transfer vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear (correct)

What is the laryngeal skeleton composed of?

Nine bones

Three vertebrae

Nine cartilages (correct)

Five muscles

How many movable components are there in the spine?

26 (correct)

What is the smallest bone in the human body?

Stapes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spine?

To hold the head and torso upright Signup and view all the answers

How many ring-like bones are there in the spine?

33 Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of a typical myofiber?

2-3 centimeters Signup and view all the answers

How many types of muscle tissue are there in the human body?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of skeletal muscles?

To move bones by contracting and relaxing Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of a typical myofiber?

0.05 millimeters Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of myofibrils?

Mainly made up of the proteins actin and myosin Signup and view all the answers

How many muscles are approximately present in a typical male body?

640 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of capillaries in muscle tissue?

To supply oxygen and glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of skeletal muscle tissue?

Striated Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of lifting the foot called?

Dorsiflexion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a synergist muscle?

Aids the prime mover Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the muscle that has the major responsibility for a certain movement?

Prime mover Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the compression of the median nerve in the wrist?

Carpal tunnel syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of turning the hand upward called?

Supination Signup and view all the answers

What is the muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover called?

Antagonist Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of turning the foot inward called?

Inversion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for stabilizing the origin of a prime mover?

Fixator Signup and view all the answers

What type of sweat glands become active at puberty?

Apocrine sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

Where are apocrine sweat glands typically found?

In the armpits, around nipples, and in the pubic region Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sweat in apocrine sweat glands?

To provide a food source for bacteria on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of merocrine sweat glands?

They secrete watery perspiration directly onto the skin's surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lunula?

To produce new nail cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor in determining the severity of skin damage?

The depth and total area of the affected tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in skin repair?

Scab formation Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for skin regeneration to occur?

Stem cells of epithelium and connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the thoracic cage?

To protect internal organs Signup and view all the answers

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?

24 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the facet joints in the spine?

To prevent slippage and torsion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bones that articulate directly to the sternum?

True ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the laryngeal skeleton?

To produce vocal sounds Signup and view all the answers

What type of joints allow for full movement?

Joints allowing full movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of joints in the human body?

To hold the skeleton together and support movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bony structure that extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis?

Vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Made of dense, keratinized cells
Become active at puberty
Secrete sticky, cloudy sweat into hair follicles in armpits, around nipples, and in the pubic region
Sweat is a food source for bacteria on skin, increasing odor

Merocrine Sweat Glands

Also called eccrine sweat glands
Very numerous with high numbers on soles and palms
Coiled tubular structure secretes watery perspiration directly onto surface of skin
Sweat also contains electrolytes, urea, and organic nutrients
Sodium chloride gives it a salty taste

Repair of the Integument

Skin regeneration occurs because stem cells of epithelium and connective tissue undergo cell division
Replacing lost or damaged tissue
Time depends on extent of damage
Four steps of skin repair:
- Scab formation
- Tissue granulation
- Scab removal

Bones of the Inner Ear

Located inside the petrous part of the temporal bone
Three smallest bones of the body: Malleus, Incus, and Stapes (smallest bone in the body)
These bones articulate with each other and transfer vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

Laryngeal Skeleton

Also known as the larynx or voice box
Composed of nine cartilages
Located between the trachea and the root of the tongue
The hyoid bone provides an anchor point
The laryngeal skeleton both opens and closes the glottis and regulates the degree of tension of the vocal folds, which produce vocal sounds when air is forced through them

Bones of the Vertebral Column

The vertebral column is a flexible column formed by a series of 24 vertebrae, plus the sacrum and coccyx
Commonly referred to as the spine
Extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis
Spinal joints do not have a wide range of movement, but they still allow the spine great flexibility
Two facet joints help to prevent slippage and torsion

The Thoracic Cage

Formed by the ribs and sternum
Protects internal organs and gives attachment to muscles involved in respiration and upper limb movement
The sternum consists of the manubrium, body of the sternum, and xiphoid process
Ribs 1-7 are called true ribs because they articulate directly to the sternum
Ribs 8-12 are known as false ribs

Joints in the Human Body

Joints hold the skeleton together and support movement
Types of joints:
- Immoveable joints
- Joints that allow a slight movement
- Joints allowing full movement

Muscle Tissue

There are three main types of muscle tissue:
- Skeletal (striated or voluntary)
- Smooth
- Cardiac
Skeletal muscle tissue is composed of long cells with a striated appearance
Skeletal muscles attach to and move bones by contracting and relaxing in response to voluntary messages from the nervous system

Skeletal Muscle

The typical male body contains approximately 640 muscles, which compose around two-fifths of its weight
The same number in a female body make up a slightly smaller proportion
Muscle fibers are organized into bundles supplied by blood vessels and innervated by motor neurons

Special Movements

Dorsiflexion – lifting the foot
Plantar flexion – depressing the foot
Inversion – turn foot inward
Eversion – turn foot outward
Supination – hand facing upward
Pronation – hand facing downward
Opposition – touching thumb to other fingers

Types of Muscles

Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
Antagonist – muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
Synergist – muscle that aids a prime mover in the same movement and helps prevent rotation or unwanted movement
Fixator – stabilizes the origin of a prime mover so all tension can be used to move the insertion bone

Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh

Muscles can lead to disorders of the muscular system

Muscles of the Lower Leg

Carpal tunnel syndrome, also called median nerve compression, occurs when the tendons become inflamed, causing compression of the median nerve
Symptoms include pain, numbness, and eventual weakness in the hand

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Description

This quiz covers the characteristics and differences between apocrine and merocrine sweat glands. Learn about their composition, function, and location in the human body.