Human Physiology: Sweat and Sweat Glands

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What is the primary function of sweating in the human body?

To regulate body temperature (correct)

To remove waste products

To regulate body pH

To maintain skin hydration

What is the composition of sweat?

Primarily salts and amino acids

Primarily water and carbohydrates

Primarily proteins and acids

Primarily water and electrolytes (correct)

What is the pH of sweat?

Neutral, with a pH of 7

Acidic, with a pH of 4-6 (correct)

Basic, with a pH of 7-9

Alkaline, with a pH of 10-12

What type of stimuli can trigger sweat glands to secrete sweat?

Heat, emotional, and gustatory stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of proteins in sweat?

1% Signup and view all the answers

How many sweat glands are distributed throughout the human dermis?

Some 4 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sweat glands in the body?

To regulate body temperature Signup and view all the answers

Where are apocrine sweat glands primarily found in the body?

In the armpits and peri-anal region Signup and view all the answers

What type of sweat glands are distributed over the entire body, with a few exceptions?

Eccrine sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in thermoregulatory sweating?

To control the body's internal temperature Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurotransmitter is involved in the stimulation of eccrine sweat glands?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands in terms of their structure?

Apocrine glands have a shorter ductal portion Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of life do apocrine sweat glands increase in size?

During puberty Signup and view all the answers

What type of sweat glands are thought to arise from eccrine glands during puberty?

Apoeccrine sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of excessive perspiration in the body?

Eccrine sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of acetylcholine in thermoregulatory sweating?

To stimulate the release of sweat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is thought to increase thermoregulatory sweating?

Hyper-functioning of the hypothalamus during exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the secretory portion of apoeccrine sweat glands?

It has a wide section with a cell structure similar to apocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pathological sweating or hyperhidrosis?

It is always diurnal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is involved in regulating involuntary movement?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is excessive sweating most likely to occur at distinct anatomical sites?

Focal hyperhidrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of apoeccrine sweat glands in the armpit region of some focal hyperhidrosis patients?

45% Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum capacity of eccrine glands to produce sweat per day?

10 L Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of sweat production per hour when a person is exposed to heat or exercise?

1.4 L/hour Signup and view all the answers

What causes the increase in sweat production during the initial phase of sweating?

Increase in the number of active sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dark cells in eccrine glands?

Secrete glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the series of electrolyte exchanges in eccrine gland cells?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary solution produced by the eccrine gland?

Isotonic solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of apocrine glands in other mammals?

To produce odours that attract the opposite sex Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the solution secreted by apocrine glands?

Fatty acids and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium pumps in the eccrine gland cells?

To push sodium electrolytes out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reabsorption of sodium chloride from the primary solution?

A hypotonic solution remains Signup and view all the answers