Human Physiology: Sweat and Sweat Glands
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of sweating in the human body?

  • To regulate body temperature (correct)
  • To remove waste products
  • To regulate body pH
  • To maintain skin hydration

What is the composition of sweat?

  • Primarily salts and amino acids
  • Primarily water and carbohydrates
  • Primarily proteins and acids
  • Primarily water and electrolytes (correct)

What is the pH of sweat?

  • Neutral, with a pH of 7
  • Acidic, with a pH of 4-6 (correct)
  • Basic, with a pH of 7-9
  • Alkaline, with a pH of 10-12

What type of stimuli can trigger sweat glands to secrete sweat?

<p>Heat, emotional, and gustatory stimuli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of proteins in sweat?

<p>1% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sweat glands are distributed throughout the human dermis?

<p>Some 4 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sweat glands in the body?

<p>To regulate body temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are apocrine sweat glands primarily found in the body?

<p>In the armpits and peri-anal region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sweat glands are distributed over the entire body, with a few exceptions?

<p>Eccrine sweat glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in thermoregulatory sweating?

<p>To control the body's internal temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurotransmitter is involved in the stimulation of eccrine sweat glands?

<p>Acetylcholine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands in terms of their structure?

<p>Apocrine glands have a shorter ductal portion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of life do apocrine sweat glands increase in size?

<p>During puberty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sweat glands are thought to arise from eccrine glands during puberty?

<p>Apoeccrine sweat glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of excessive perspiration in the body?

<p>Eccrine sweat glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of acetylcholine in thermoregulatory sweating?

<p>To stimulate the release of sweat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is thought to increase thermoregulatory sweating?

<p>Hyper-functioning of the hypothalamus during exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the secretory portion of apoeccrine sweat glands?

<p>It has a wide section with a cell structure similar to apocrine glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pathological sweating or hyperhidrosis?

<p>It is always diurnal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is involved in regulating involuntary movement?

<p>Cerebral cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is excessive sweating most likely to occur at distinct anatomical sites?

<p>Focal hyperhidrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of apoeccrine sweat glands in the armpit region of some focal hyperhidrosis patients?

<p>45% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum capacity of eccrine glands to produce sweat per day?

<p>10 L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of sweat production per hour when a person is exposed to heat or exercise?

<p>1.4 L/hour (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the increase in sweat production during the initial phase of sweating?

<p>Increase in the number of active sweat glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dark cells in eccrine glands?

<p>Secrete glycoproteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the series of electrolyte exchanges in eccrine gland cells?

<p>Acetylcholine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary solution produced by the eccrine gland?

<p>Isotonic solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of apocrine glands in other mammals?

<p>To produce odours that attract the opposite sex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the solution secreted by apocrine glands?

<p>Fatty acids and proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium pumps in the eccrine gland cells?

<p>To push sodium electrolytes out of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reabsorption of sodium chloride from the primary solution?

<p>A hypotonic solution remains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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