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Questions and Answers
Which type of suppositories are designed to be inserted into the rectum?
Which type of suppositories are designed to be inserted into the rectum?
Vaginal suppositories are suitable for insertion in both the vagina and urethra.
Vaginal suppositories are suitable for insertion in both the vagina and urethra.
False
Name two tests used for the evaluation of suppositories.
Name two tests used for the evaluation of suppositories.
Test of appearance, Test of melting point
Suppositories are classified into ____ main types based on their intended use.
Suppositories are classified into ____ main types based on their intended use.
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What is a common base used in the preparation of rectal suppositories?
What is a common base used in the preparation of rectal suppositories?
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Match the type of suppository with its intended use:
Match the type of suppository with its intended use:
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The test to determine the robustness of suppositories is known as the ____ test.
The test to determine the robustness of suppositories is known as the ____ test.
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Chemical incompatibility occurs when two substances interact to give a different chemical composition.
Chemical incompatibility occurs when two substances interact to give a different chemical composition.
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Study Notes
Suppositories
- Suppositories are semi-solid dosage forms designed for insertion into body cavities (rectum, vagina, nose, ear).
- They are not used for the oral route.
- Suppositories are semi-solid preparations made by melting ingredients.
- All suppository types melt at normal body temperature.
Types of Suppositories
- Rectal suppositories: Intended for rectal insertion.
- Vaginal suppositories (pessaries): Larger than rectal suppositories, used for vaginal infections.
- Urethral suppositories (bougies): Used for insertion into the urethra, generally pencil-shaped.
- Nasal suppositories: Inserted into nasal cavities, cylindrical shaped.
- Ear cones: Inserted into the ear.
Advantages of Suppositories
- Useful for unconscious patients.
- Compact dosage form.
- Lower chance of side effects.
- Suitable for patients with nausea or vomiting.
- Suitable for children and older adults who can't swallow.
- Useful to treat rectal and vaginal infections.
Disadvantages of Suppositories
- Patient acceptance issues.
- Not suitable for diarrhea patients.
- Certain drugs can't be made into suppository form.
- Incomplete absorption is possible.
- Need storage at low temperatures to prevent melting.
Suppository Bases
- Suppository bases are excipients used in suppository manufacturing.
- Important role in medicament release.
- Bases must dissolve in the body cavity to release medication.
Properties of Ideal Suppository Bases
- Melt at body temperature.
- Inert and non-irritating.
- Physically and chemically stable.
- Good appearance.
- Compatible with medicaments.
- Stable above melting point.
- Release medication readily.
Types of Suppository Bases
- Oily/Fatty bases (e.g., theobroma oil, emulsified theobroma oil, hydrogenated oils).
- Water-soluble bases (e.g., glycerol-gelatin, polyethylene glycols).
- Emulsifying bases (e.g., witepsol, massa estarinum, massupol).
Methods of Preparation
- Hand rolling method: Simplest, oldest method for small numbers of suppositories.
- Compression molding method (cold compression): Suitable for large-scale production.
- Fusion method (hot process): Melting base with ingredients.
Evaluation Tests for Suppositories
- Appearance test: Uniformity in size and shape.
- Physical strength test: Resistance to breakage.
- Dissolution rate test: Quantity of drug dissolved over time.
- Melting range test: Melting point range.
- Softening test: Time taken for suppository to soften completely.
- Uniformity of drug content test: Consistency of drug concentration.
- Displacement value: Determines quantity of drug displacing a base part.
Pharmaceutical Incompatibilities
- Occur when mixing ingredients changes the drug's physical, chemical, or therapeutic properties.
- Can be intentional or unintentional.
- Incompatible drug mixes can affect product safety, efficacy, appearance, and intended purpose.
- Incompatibilities can happen during compounding, manufacturing, packaging, dispensing, storage or administration.
Types of Incompatibilities
-
Physical incompatibility: Change in physical properties (color, taste, viscosity).
- Examples: Immiscibility, insolubility, precipitation, liquefaction.
-
Chemical incompatibility: Change due to chemical reactions (formation of toxic/inactive compounds).
- Examples: Oxidation-reduction, acid-base hydrolysis, combination reactions, pH changes.
- Therapeutic incompatibility: Unexpected or undesirable effects from mixing (e.g., overdose, incorrect dosage form, drug interactions).
Mechanism of Drug Permeation
- Drugs penetrate the skin (dermis/epidermis, stratum corneum) via transcellular, intercellular or appendageal pathways.
Factors Influencing Dermal Penetration
- Biological factors: Skin condition (hydration, age, blood flow, regional skin, metabolic rate, species difference) affect drug penetration.
- Physiochemical factors: Affects drug characteristics (drug concentration, solubility, diffusion coefficient, molecular size, temperature, pH) impact drug absorption.
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Description
Test your knowledge on different types of suppositories and their uses. This quiz covers rectal, vaginal, urethral, nasal suppositories, and advantages and disadvantages. Enhance your understanding of this unique dosage form.
