71 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a type of sleep disorder?
Hypersomnia
What percentage of sleep is slow-wave sleep (SWS)?
80%
What is the primary function of slow-wave sleep (SWS) according to the text?
All of the above
How often do REM periods occur during the sleep cycle?
Every 90-120 minutes
What is the typical duration of a dream?
Varies from a few seconds to closer to an hour
What happens to the body's muscles during REM sleep?
They become paralyzed
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of REM sleep?
Breathing becomes more regular
What is the relationship between dream length and the progression of the night?
Dream length increases as the night progresses
What percentage increase in the odds of feeling sad and hopeless is associated with each hour of lost sleep in teenagers?
38%
What is the effect of sleep deprivation on immune function?
Decreases immune functioning
What is the impact of working night shifts on the risk of a heart attack or stroke?
Increases the risk by 41%
What is the recommended amount of sleep for teenagers in terms of hours per night?
9 hours
How does sleep loss affect nondepressed individuals in terms of feelings?
Brings on feelings of depression
What effect does sleep deprivation have on memory according to the text?
Impairs memory retention
How does puberty affect teenagers' circadian clocks?
Shifts them by a couple of hours
What time does the text suggest schools should ideally start?
9:00 AM
What percentage of young adults sleep less than 6 hours per night?
31%
What is the main reason for chronic sleep problems according to the text?
Poor Sleep Hygiene
What is the function of photoreceptors sensitive to blue light in the eye?
Regulate Circadian Rhythms
How do regular sleep schedules impact academic performance according to the text?
Higher GPA
What wavelength of light are melanopsin receptors most sensitive to?
484-500 nm
According to the passage, which of the following statements about dreaming and memory is true?
Dreaming may play some role in learning and memory consolidation, but is not crucial.
Which of the following is NOT a type of sleep disorder?
Orthosomnia
Which of the following is a characteristic of Insomnia Disorder?
Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
What is the ideal amount of sleep recommended for adults according to the National Sleep Foundation's review?
7-9 hours per day
Which of the following statements about Insomnia Disorder is NOT true?
35% of adults report daytime sleepiness
Which of the following statements about sleep duration and age is incorrect?
Preschoolers need 14-17 hours of sleep per day.
What is the duration of a typical microsleep episode?
3 seconds
According to the passage, which of the following statements about sleep quality is true?
Some people may require less sleep because they experience higher quality sleep.
What does the passage suggest about the relationship between sleep duration and health?
Sleeping less than 7 hours per night has negative impacts on health.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of Parasomnias?
Excessive daytime sleepiness
According to the information provided, which age group requires the most sleep per day?
Newborns (0-3 months)
What is the approximate prevalence rate of Insomnia Disorder?
6-10%
Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by abnormal movement of limbs during sleep?
Restless Legs Syndrome
Which of the following statements about the optimum sleeping time is correct?
The optimum sleeping time varies between individuals and at different life stages.
What percentage of patients with Insomnia Disorder are often associated with medical and/or psychological conditions?
75-90%
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is true?
Infants (4-11 months) require less sleep than newborns (0-3 months).
What is the type of beverage produced when grapes are fermented?
Wine
What are the two byproducts of the glucose metabolism during the fermentation process?
Carbon dioxide and ethanol
Which statement about the alcohol content of fermented beverages is true?
Typical fermentation produces a maximum alcohol content of around 15%
Where is most alcohol absorbed in the body?
Small intestine
What are the two properties of alcohol molecules?
Hydrophilic and lipophilic
What is the two-step process of alcohol metabolism?
No information provided
When did the widespread use of distilled alcohol become common in Europe?
16th-18th centuries
Which of the following effects does alcohol have on the body?
All of the above
What is the main danger of mixing acetaminophen (Tylenol) with alcohol consumption?
Alcohol use increases certain liver enzymes that convert acetaminophen into a toxic substance
What is the effect of alcohol on the frontal lobe of the brain?
Alcohol inhibits the frontal lobe, causing loss of behavioral inhibition, planning, and impulse control
According to the passage, what percentage of male 21st birthday drinkers reported consuming more than 21 drinks?
22%
What percentage of female 21st birthday drinkers had a blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.26 or higher?
35%
What percentage of female 21st birthday drinkers reported consuming exactly 21 drinks?
12%
What is the effect of alcohol on the sweat response?
Alcohol suppresses the sweat response
What is the effect of alcohol on heart rate?
Alcohol decreases heart rate
What is the function of Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the metabolism of alcohol?
Breaks down acetaldehyde into acetate and water
What is the significance of Blood Alcohol Content (B.A.C.) in describing the behavioral effects of alcohol?
Relates to the amount of ethanol in the blood
Why do women generally become more intoxicated than men on equal doses of alcohol?
Women have less alcohol dehydrogenase
What is the average body's ability to metabolize alcohol equivalent to in terms of Blood Alcohol Content (B.A.C.) per hour?
.02%
In the context of alcohol metabolism, what does a B.A.C. of 0.04% indicate?
The individual is exhibiting behavioral effects
What is the primary reason for the difference in intoxication levels between men and women at equal doses of alcohol consumption?
Difference in liver enzymes
Why does an individual weighing 160 lbs consuming 2 drinks per hour reach a BAC level of 0.10% after five hours of drinking?
Accumulation of alcohol due to rapid absorption
What was the per capita consumption of ethanol in 2020?
2.44 gallons
What was the percentage increase in per capita ethanol consumption from 2019 to 2021?
5.5%
How many people in the 2015 National Survey reported drinking alcohol in the past month?
56.0%
What was the percentage of people aged 18 or older who reported ever drinking alcohol according to the 2015 National Survey?
86.4%
What factor contributed to the largest two-year increase in ethanol consumption since 1969?
New products to initiate nondrinkers
According to the information provided, what is the approximate blood alcohol concentration (BAC) that would result in a coma or partial anesthesia of the brain centers controlling the heart and lungs?
BAC of 0.35 to 0.40
Based on the information given, if a person consumes 21 drinks on their 21st birthday, what would be their approximate blood alcohol concentration (BAC)?
BAC of 0.35 to 0.40
According to the information provided, what is the approximate blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at which a person's judgment becomes very poor, muscle coordination is depressed, and they exhibit a staggered gait and slurred speech?
BAC of 0.10
If a person consumes a fifth of vodka (approximately 16 shots of ethanol), how does mixing it with water and electrolytes affect the overall amount of ethanol consumed and the potential safety of consuming this amount?
It does not change the overall ethanol consumed or make it safer.
According to the information provided, at what blood alcohol concentration (BAC) does a person's judgment center of the brain become affected, and their inhibitions are lowered?
BAC of 0.05
Based on the information given, what is the approximate blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at which a person experiences severe impairment, erratic emotions, and poor memory?
BAC of 0.20 to 0.25
According to the information provided, what is the approximate blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at which a person experiences little to no change in their behavior or cognitive abilities?
BAC of 0.02
Learn about the two major types of sleep disorders - Dyssomnias and Parasomnias, and understand the significance of Slow-Wave Sleep (SWS) in memory consolidation. Explore the impact of deep sleep on transferring recent experiences to long-term storage.
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