Types of Rocks Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What material is typically deposited on lake or sea floors to form sedimentary rocks?

  • Basalt
  • Limestone
  • Granite
  • Sand, clay, or silt (correct)
  • Which mineral is commonly identified using a drop of acid?

  • Feldspar
  • Mica
  • Quartz
  • Calcite (correct)
  • What is the primary process that changes an existing rock into a metamorphic rock?

  • Erosion
  • Cooling
  • Heat and/or pressure (correct)
  • Consolidation
  • What type of rock forms from cooled molten rock?

    <p>Igneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of geological activity is associated with the formation of igneous rocks?

    <p>Volcanic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common composition of shale due to its formation process?

    <p>Sand and clay sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process can squeeze shale into a new rock type?

    <p>Burial and compaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is molten rock deep within the Earth commonly referred to as?

    <p>Magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs when magma or lava cools down?

    <p>It solidifies and forms igneous rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the color of igneous rocks, particularly those with quartz?

    <p>The amount of minerals present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following igneous rocks is formed from slowly cooling magma?

    <p>Granite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is noted about pumice compared to other igneous rocks?

    <p>It floats due to gas bubbles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which igneous rock is typically associated with recent lava flows?

    <p>Basalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the crystal size of minerals in rocks when magma cools quickly at the surface?

    <p>The crystals are too small to see.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of minerals is associated with lighter colored igneous rocks?

    <p>Silicate minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the flow patterns seen in basalt indicative of its formation?

    <p>They are left over from when the lava was liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary chemical change that occurs in calcite when subjected to acidic water?

    <p>It dissolves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the physical change that happens to rocks due to temperature fluctuations?

    <p>Rocks break into fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of water freezing in the cracks of rocks?

    <p>It expands and cracks the rock further</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary sources of acids that contribute to the weathering of rocks?

    <p>Carbon dioxide dissolved in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is noted for being especially prone to weathering due to its reaction with acids?

    <p>Calcite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon can be heard in the mountains at night due to temperature changes?

    <p>The clatter of small rock fragments falling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the change of rocks into clay due to temperature effects?

    <p>Weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do temperature fluctuations have on rocks in mountainous areas?

    <p>They cause physical cracking and fragmenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily shapes valleys in the headwater tract?

    <p>Erosion by flowing rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is created as the river slows down and widens in the middle tract?

    <p>Horseshoe shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the series of older flood plains as the river curves change?

    <p>They are carried away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is formed when flowing rivers break down rock fragments?

    <p>Rapids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the river reaching the sea?

    <p>Formation of a fan-shaped structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is described as the solid outer layer that includes crust rocks?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily defines the character of the coastal tract of a river?

    <p>Broadening of the river</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of seismology?

    <p>Study of earthquake waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of landform is created by sediment deposited at the river mouth?

    <p>Delta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which options correctly represent the metals found in the outer core?

    <p>Iron and Nickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the silted areas that can form during floods and become cut off from the main river channel?

    <p>Horseshoe formations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary result of weathering?

    <p>Transformation of rocks into smaller pieces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of physical weathering?

    <p>Ice wedging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase best describes a floodplain?

    <p>A flat area adjacent to a river</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erosion can primarily be caused by which of the following?

    <p>Moving water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these best describes 'sediments'?

    <p>Fragments of rock and organic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Igneous Rocks

    • Igneous rocks are formed from molten rock, either magma or lava.
    • Magma cools slowly underground, allowing large crystals to form.
    • Lava cools quickly on the surface, resulting in small crystals that are difficult to see.
    • Granite is an igneous rock with large crystals and a light color due to high quartz content.
    • Basalt is a dark-colored igneous rock with microscopic crystals.
    • Pumice is a light-colored igneous rock that floats, and is formed by volcanic gases creating bubbles in the lava.

    Sedimentary Rocks

    • Sedimentary rocks form from layers of sediment deposited over time.
    • Sedimentary rocks can contain fossils.
    • Shale is a sedimentary rock formed from silt, clay, or mud.
    • Sandstone is a sedimentary rock formed from sand.
    • Limestone is a sedimentary rock formed from calcium carbonate.

    Metamorphic Rocks

    • Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are changed by heat and/or pressure.
    • Heat and pressure can change sandstone into quartzite.
    • Shale can be pressured into a new rock type with different mineral content.
    • Metamorphic rocks can form due to tectonic activity, such as the formation of mountain ranges.

    Minerals

    • The most common mineral on Earth is quartz.
    • Quartz is hard and glass-like.
    • Calcite is another common mineral that fizzes when in contact with a drop of acid.
    • Minerals can be identified by their hardness, crystal shape, and color.

    Weathering

    • Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks.
    • Weathering can be physical or chemical.
    • Physical weathering is caused by temperature changes, freezing water, or wind.
    • Chemical weathering is caused by acid rain, oxygen, or other chemicals.
    • Limestone caves form when water containing dissolved acid dissolves away calcite.

    Erosion

    • Erosion is the process of transporting weathered rock fragments.
    • Erosion is caused by wind, water, or ice.
    • The transported rock fragments are called sediments.
    • Sediments are deposited in a new location, often forming sedimentary rocks.

    Earth's Layers

    • The Earth has several layers.
    • The crust is the solid outer layer of the Earth.
    • The mantle is a layer of hot, dense rock below the crust.
    • The outer core is a liquid layer of iron and nickel.
    • The inner core is a solid ball of iron and nickel.

    Rivers

    • Rivers form valleys as they flow through mountains.
    • Rivers meander as they flow through the middle tract of their course.
    • Rivers deposit sediment as they slow down and enter the coastal tract.
    • Deltas are fan-shaped structures formed by deposited sediment at a river's mouth.
    • Estuaries are tidal inlets formed when a river nears the sea.

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    Year 8 Geology PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. This quiz covers their formation processes, characteristics, and examples, such as granite, basalt, and limestone. Perfect for geology students and enthusiasts alike!

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