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Questions and Answers
What type of analysis focuses on the internal thoughts and motivations expressed in a story?
What type of analysis focuses on the internal thoughts and motivations expressed in a story?
Which type of qualitative research aims to empower individuals by critiquing societal perspectives?
Which type of qualitative research aims to empower individuals by critiquing societal perspectives?
What is a key strength of qualitative research?
What is a key strength of qualitative research?
In narrative analysis, which approach takes societal factors like gender and class into account?
In narrative analysis, which approach takes societal factors like gender and class into account?
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What aspect does postmodern research primarily examine?
What aspect does postmodern research primarily examine?
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Which type of qualitative research would be appropriate for exploring how individuals assign meaning to an experience?
Which type of qualitative research would be appropriate for exploring how individuals assign meaning to an experience?
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Which method analyzes language usage in texts and contexts?
Which method analyzes language usage in texts and contexts?
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What is one limitation of qualitative research compared to quantitative research?
What is one limitation of qualitative research compared to quantitative research?
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Which of the following is a strength of qualitative research?
Which of the following is a strength of qualitative research?
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A weakness of qualitative research is that it is often difficult to:
A weakness of qualitative research is that it is often difficult to:
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What is a potential concern regarding anonymity and confidentiality in qualitative research?
What is a potential concern regarding anonymity and confidentiality in qualitative research?
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Which of the following is a common criticism of qualitative research within the scientific community?
Which of the following is a common criticism of qualitative research within the scientific community?
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Which of these is NOT a weakness of qualitative research?
Which of these is NOT a weakness of qualitative research?
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What is the primary focus of cross-sectional design in research?
What is the primary focus of cross-sectional design in research?
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Which of the following describes longitudinal design?
Which of the following describes longitudinal design?
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What is a characteristic of mixed-method design?
What is a characteristic of mixed-method design?
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What differentiates qualitative research from quantitative research?
What differentiates qualitative research from quantitative research?
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What does saturation refer to in qualitative research?
What does saturation refer to in qualitative research?
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Which feature characterizes phenomenological study in qualitative research?
Which feature characterizes phenomenological study in qualitative research?
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What is a common method of data collection in qualitative research?
What is a common method of data collection in qualitative research?
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Which of the following describes the process of qualitative research data analysis?
Which of the following describes the process of qualitative research data analysis?
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Which research method aims to understand the lived experiences of individuals through their descriptions?
Which research method aims to understand the lived experiences of individuals through their descriptions?
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In an ethnographic study, who are considered key informants?
In an ethnographic study, who are considered key informants?
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Which type of data source is a diary considered?
Which type of data source is a diary considered?
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What is the primary goal of a historical study?
What is the primary goal of a historical study?
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To what type of research does the following example belong? "What are the common experiences encountered by a person with a spouse who is undergoing rehabilitation?"
To what type of research does the following example belong? "What are the common experiences encountered by a person with a spouse who is undergoing rehabilitation?"
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Which research design explores the impact of change on a situation and aims to establish a cause-and-effect relationship?
Which research design explores the impact of change on a situation and aims to establish a cause-and-effect relationship?
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Artistic research distinguishes itself through...
Artistic research distinguishes itself through...
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a grounded theory study?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a grounded theory study?
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Which research method investigates the impact of a significant event on an individual's life?
Which research method investigates the impact of a significant event on an individual's life?
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What is the primary goal of research in the humanities?
What is the primary goal of research in the humanities?
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What is the main difference between primary and secondary sources of data?
What is the main difference between primary and secondary sources of data?
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Which research design is best suited for investigating a topic with limited existing research?
Which research design is best suited for investigating a topic with limited existing research?
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What is the primary characteristic of action research?
What is the primary characteristic of action research?
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Which research design aims to answer 'who', 'what', 'when', 'where', and 'how' questions about a specific research problem?
Which research design aims to answer 'who', 'what', 'when', 'where', and 'how' questions about a specific research problem?
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Which research design is characterized by the researcher's control over factors and variables in a specific phenomenon?
Which research design is characterized by the researcher's control over factors and variables in a specific phenomenon?
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Which research design tracks a group of individuals sharing common characteristics over a period of time?
Which research design tracks a group of individuals sharing common characteristics over a period of time?
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Study Notes
Different Types of Research
- Research methods aim to explain naturally occurring phenomena in the natural world by creating credible theories.
- Examples include climate change and gene therapy research.
Research in the Humanities
- Aims to define the purpose of human existence by examining historical facts and future possibilities.
- Examples include the relationship between religion and politics.
Artistic Research
- Provides alternative, practical methods to established concepts.
- Expands current concepts and allows for further interpretation.
Research Designs
- Research design enables researchers to logically and cohesively organize the components of their research.
- This ensures the study effectively addresses the problem
Action Research
- Follows a cyclical approach.
- Researchers first identify a problem, then develop an action plan to address it.
- The action plan is implemented and the data collected is analyzed to understand the effect of the action and the effectiveness of the solution.
Causal Design
- Explores how a change impacts a specific situation.
- Demonstrates a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.
Descriptive Design
- Answers questions related to a particular research problem (e.g. who, what, when, where, how).
- Used to understand present situations and phenomena.
Exploratory Design
- Focuses on topics or problems with limited existing research.
- Aims to gain information and insight for future research.
Experimental Design
- Researchers control factors and variables related to a phenomenon.
- Researchers try to change or manipulate one or more variables to understand the results and possible effects.
Cohort Design
- Identifies a group of people sharing characteristics, studied over a set time period.
- Researchers analyze how these characteristic groups are affected by certain factors or changes, and relate the information to the problem.
Cross-Sectional Design
- Examines a large group of people with differing characteristics.
- Researchers seek to determine how these individuals are affected by a specific factor over a specific period of time.
Longitudinal Design
- Follows a group of people over an extended period of time.
- Explores and identifies the causal relationships over time, duration of lasting effects related to the group being studied.
Mixed-Methods Design
- Combines different research designs and methods.
- Primarily combines qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain a comprehensive understanding of a research problem.
- Helps determine the validity of hypotheses with comprehensive data gathering.
Research Methods
- Determines the methodology researchers take in data identification and analysis.
Quantitative Research
- A research approach which collects numerical data and analyzes it to test theories, explain phenomena, and establish conclusions
Qualitative Research
- Method for examining human behavior and social phenomena by gathering non-numerical data.
- Provides deeper understanding of human perceptions interpreted through analyzing events.
Characteristics of Qualitative Research
- Often flexible
- Uses an iterative process where data collection and analysis occur at the same time
- Focuses on gaining rich insights from people who provide the richest information relating to specific problems or interests
- Data collections continue until point of saturation where no new information is revealed
- Examines everyday contexts and issues in an uncontrolled setting
Phenomenological Study
- A research type that aims to find the essence or structure of an experience,
- It emphasizes how complex meanings are derived from simpler units of inner experience.
- Examines human experiences (lived experiences) based on descriptions from subjects or respondents.
Ethnographic Study
- Involves collecting and analyzing data about cultural groups or minorities.
- The researcher immerses within the culture.
Ethnographic Study (Continued)
- During immersion researchers communicate with important people (key informants).
- Key informants provide valuable information for research studies
Historical Study
- Examines implications of the past on the present and future present in relation to events in the past.
Sources of Data for Historical Study
- Documents (printed materials found in libraries, archives and personal collections).
- Relics and artifacts (physical remains or objects from a period).
- Oral reports (information passed along through word of mouth.
Classification of Data
- Primary Sources - Provide first-hand information (examples include oral histories, written records, diaries, eyewitness accounts, physical evidence, etc.)
- Secondary Sources - Second-hand information based on primary sources or material which has been abstracted.
Case Study
- In-depth examination of an individual, group, or institution.
- Provides insight into the impact of significant events in a person's life.
Grounded Theory Study
- Comparing collected data points against each other to identify categories, properties, and hypotheses.
- Hypotheses are tentative and suggestive, not formally tested in the study.
Narrative Analysis
- Analyzes individual life accounts to understand experiences of events and phenomena.
Common Types of Narrative Analysis
- Psychological - Analyzes the story in terms of thoughts and motivations.
- Biographical - Considering individual's social context, such as gender and social class.
- Discourse Analysis - Examines how language is used in texts.
Critical Qualitative Research
- Seeks to bring about change and empower individuals
- Critically examines social, cultural, and psychological perspectives on prevalent contextual issues
Postmodern Research
- Analyzes the validity of established facts and truths.
- Critiques the ability of research and science to discover truth as a whole
Basic Interpretative Qualitative Study
- Used to identify how individuals give meaning to events or situations.
Strengths of Qualitative Research
- Requires few participants
- Useful for describing complex phenomena
- Issues can be examined thoroughly
- Interviews are not limited in scope and direction, enabling real-time adjustments
- Includes nuances and depths of research issues sometimes missed in more positivistic methodologies
- Provides individual case details of personal experiences
Strengths of Qualitative Research (Continued)
- Details the phenomenon being studied in context of a specific local environment
- Contextual factors that relate to research are identified
- Researcher can use grounded theory to develop a theory
- Researchers can study processes
- Can determine how participants interpret constructs
- Collected data is typically in a natural setting
- Responds well to local situation, circumstances, and needs of stakeholders
- Focuses on participant's words and descriptions for understanding the phenomena
- Demonstrating an important case can help to vividly illustrate and explain the phenomenon
Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
- Might not be applicable to other people or settings
- Inflexibility can present challenges during assessment and demonstration
- Data analysis frequently takes time
- May not be fully recognized and accepted in the scientific community
- Researcher's presence can impact subject responses
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Description
Explore the various types of research methods used across different fields. This quiz covers natural, humanities, artistic research, and action research designs, providing insights into their purposes and applications. Test your knowledge on how these methods help address specific problems and expand understanding.
