Types of Research and Designs
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Questions and Answers

What type of research focuses on non-numerical data and explores attitudes, behaviors, and experiences?

  • Experimental Design
  • Quantitative Research
  • Survey Research
  • Qualitative Research (correct)

Which research design lacks random assignment but controls for extraneous variables?

  • Quasi-Experimental Design (correct)
  • Non-Experimental Design
  • Survey Research
  • Experimental Design

What type of data is collected specifically for the research study?

  • Primary Data (correct)
  • Descriptive Statistics
  • Inferential Statistics
  • Secondary Data

Which type of sampling method ensures every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected?

<p>Probability Sampling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of statistics summarizes and describes the sample data?

<p>Descriptive Statistics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for ensuring participants understand the study's purpose, risks, and benefits?

<p>Informed Consent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of validity ensures the study measures what it claims to measure?

<p>Internal Validity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research design observes phenomena without manipulating variables?

<p>Non-Experimental Design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Research

  • Qualitative Research: Focuses on non-numerical data, exploring attitudes, behaviors, and experiences. Methods include:
    • Case studies
    • Content analysis
    • Ethnography
    • Interviews
    • Observations
  • Quantitative Research: Focuses on numerical data, examining cause-and-effect relationships. Methods include:
    • Experiments
    • Surveys
    • Correlational studies
    • Regression analysis

Research Designs

  • Experimental Design: Manipulates independent variables to measure their effect on dependent variables.
  • Quasi-Experimental Design: Lacks random assignment, but controls for extraneous variables.
  • Non-Experimental Design: Observes phenomena without manipulating variables.
  • Survey Research: Uses questionnaires or interviews to collect self-reported data.

Data Collection Methods

  • Primary Data: Original data collected specifically for the research study.
  • Secondary Data: Existing data collected by others, often from published sources.
  • Sampling Methods:
    • Probability Sampling: Every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
    • Non-Probability Sampling: Individuals are selected based on convenience or accessibility.

Data Analysis

  • Descriptive Statistics: Summarizes and describes the sample data.
  • Inferential Statistics: Makes inferences about the population based on sample data.
  • Data Visualization: Uses graphs and charts to communicate data insights.

Research Ethics

  • Informed Consent: Participants must understand the study's purpose, risks, and benefits.
  • Anonymity and Confidentiality: Protecting participants' identities and data.
  • Deception and Debriefing: Avoiding deception and providing participants with accurate information after the study.

Research Quality and Validity

  • Internal Validity: Ensuring the study measures what it claims to measure.
  • External Validity: Generalizing findings to the population and other contexts.
  • Reliability: Consistency in measuring the variables.

Types of Research

  • Qualitative research explores attitudes, behaviors, and experiences through non-numerical data.
  • Qualitative research methods include case studies, content analysis, ethnography, interviews, and observations.
  • Quantitative research examines cause-and-effect relationships through numerical data.
  • Quantitative research methods include experiments, surveys, correlational studies, and regression analysis.

Research Designs

  • Experimental design manipulates independent variables to measure their effect on dependent variables.
  • Quasi-experimental design lacks random assignment but controls for extraneous variables.
  • Non-experimental design observes phenomena without manipulating variables.
  • Survey research uses questionnaires or interviews to collect self-reported data.

Data Collection Methods

  • Primary data is original data collected specifically for the research study.
  • Secondary data is existing data collected by others, often from published sources.
  • Probability sampling gives every individual in the population an equal chance of being selected.
  • Non-probability sampling selects individuals based on convenience or accessibility.

Data Analysis

  • Descriptive statistics summarizes and describes the sample data.
  • Inferential statistics makes inferences about the population based on sample data.
  • Data visualization uses graphs and charts to communicate data insights.

Research Ethics

  • Informed consent ensures participants understand the study's purpose, risks, and benefits.
  • Anonymity and confidentiality protect participants' identities and data.
  • Deception and debriefing involve avoiding deception and providing accurate information after the study.

Research Quality and Validity

  • Internal validity ensures the study measures what it claims to measure.
  • External validity generalizes findings to the population and other contexts.
  • Reliability ensures consistency in measuring the variables.

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Explore types of research, including qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as research designs such as experimental design.

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