Types of Pneumothorax
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

  • Rupture of a small subpleural emphysematous bulla or pulmonary bleb (correct)
  • Inherited diseases such as Marfan's and cystic fibrosis
  • Respiratory diseases that damage lung structure
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

    • What is the male-to-female ratio of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

  • 5:1 (correct)
  • 2:1
  • 10:1
  • 1:1

    • What is a risk factor for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

  • Family history of pneumothorax
  • Tall stature (correct)
  • Old age
  • Presence of pneumonia

    • What is the treatment for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

    <p>Pleurodesis with bleomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Primary and Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

    <p>Secondary is more deadly, while Primary is less deadly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recurrence rate of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

    <p>High, as the underlying defect remains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for spontaneous pneumothorax?

    <p>Males &gt;55 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using protective ventilation strategies in ICU patients with lung disease?

    <p>To reduce the risk of barotrauma and volutrauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of tension pneumothorax?

    <p>One-way flow of air from lung to pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for tension pneumothorax?

    <p>Needle aspiration and chest drain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of traumatic pneumothorax?

    <p>Haemothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax?

    <p>Chest pain and breathlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the body's physiological systems constantly fluctuating as it responds and recovers from stress?

    <p>Allostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lazarus' Model of Appraisal, what is the role of the individual in the transaction with their external world?

    <p>Actively appraising the outside world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the initial evaluation of an event by an individual, according to Lazarus' Model of Appraisal?

    <p>Primary appraisal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between allostatic load and stress recovery?

    <p>Allostatic load is linked with incomplete stress recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the variability in the rate of recovery from stress between individuals and within the same individual across the lifespan?

    <p>Great variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of appraisal in Lazarus' Model of Stress?

    <p>Evaluating the potential stressfulness of an event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration?

    <p>Functional Residual Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after first filling the lungs to their maximum extent and then expiring to the maximum extent?

    <p>Vital Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible effort?

    <p>Total Lung Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage less are pulmonary volumes and capacities in women compared to men?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for arterial oxygen tension (arterial partial pressure of O2)?

    <p>12.0-13.3 kPa (80-100 mmHg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of air that can be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume when the person inspires with full force?

    <p>Inspiratory reserve volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for decreased arterial oxygen tension?

    <p>Hypoxaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume?

    <p>Total lung capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of air a person can breathe in, beginning at the normal expiratory level and distending the lungs to the maximum amount?

    <p>Inspiratory capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume?

    <p>Vital capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most forceful expiration?

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of residual volume and expiratory reserve volume?

    <p>Functional residual capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action performed by a subject during a spirometry procedure?

    <p>Inspiring maximally to total lung capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured by a spirometer during a spirometry procedure?

    <p>Forced Expiratory Volume at one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expressed as a percentage of the FVC in spirometry results?

    <p>Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a person with airway obstruction compared to a healthy individual?

    <p>Lower FEV1 and smaller lung volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for diffusion to occur in the respiratory system?

    <p>A source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which oxygen moves from the alveoli into the pulmonary blood?

    <p>Passive diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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