Plants

Angiosperms: flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary (e.g., roses, daisies, sunflowers)
Gymnosperms: seed-producing plants with naked seeds (e.g., pines, spruces, cycads)
Bryophytes: non-vascular plants that reproduce by spores (e.g., mosses, liverworts, hornworts)
Pteridophytes: vascular plants that reproduce by spores (e.g., ferns, horsetails, club mosses)
Algae: simple, aquatic, non-vascular plants (e.g., seaweeds, kelp)

Light: energy for photosynthesis
Water: essential for growth and development
Nutrients: necessary for growth and development (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium)
Air: necessary for photosynthesis and respiration
Temperature: optimal range for growth and development
Soil: provides support, water, and nutrients

Roots: absorb water and nutrients from soil
Stem: supports plant, transports water and nutrients
Leaves: site of photosynthesis, produce glucose and oxygen
- Mesophyll: inner leaf tissue where photosynthesis occurs
- Chloroplasts: organelles containing chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis
Flowers: reproductive structures, produce seeds and fruits
Fruits: mature ovary containing seeds, protects and disperses seeds
Seeds: reproductive structures, contain embryo and nutrients for growth

Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed in an ovary, with examples including roses, daisies, and sunflowers.
Gymnosperms produce seeds with no ovary, with examples including pines, spruces, and cycads.
Bryophytes reproduce by spores and are non-vascular, with examples including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Pteridophytes reproduce by spores and are vascular, with examples including ferns, horsetails, and club mosses.
Algae are simple, aquatic, non-vascular plants, with examples including seaweeds and kelp.

Seed germination involves the absorption of water, growth of roots and stem, and the development of leaves.
The seedling stage is characterized by the development of leaves and roots.
During maturation, the plant grows and develops reproductive structures.
Reproduction involves the production of flowers, fruits, and seeds.
Senescence is the final stage of the plant life cycle, marked by aging and eventual death.

Light is essential for photosynthesis, providing energy for growth and development.
Water is necessary for growth and development, and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis.
Nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are essential for growth and development.
Air is necessary for photosynthesis and respiration, and provides oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Temperature affects plant growth and development, with optimal ranges varying by species.
Soil provides support, water, and nutrients, and is essential for plant growth.

Roots absorb water and nutrients from soil, supporting plant growth.
The stem supports the plant, transports water and nutrients, and provides structural support.
Leaves are the site of photosynthesis, producing glucose and oxygen through the process.
Mesophyll is the inner leaf tissue where photosynthesis occurs.
Chloroplasts are organelles containing chlorophyll, responsible for photosynthesis.
Flowers are reproductive structures, producing seeds and fruits.
Fruits are mature ovaries containing seeds, protecting and dispersing seeds.
Seeds are reproductive structures, containing embryos and nutrients for growth.

Leaves are the most common edible part of a plant, with examples including lettuce, spinach, kale, and collard greens.
They can be eaten raw or cooked, and are often used in salads and as a side dish.

Stems are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked, with examples including celery, asparagus, and rhubarb.
They are often used in soups, stews, and salads, and can add texture and flavor to dishes.

Roots are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked, with examples including carrots, beets, potatoes, and sweet potatoes.
They are often used in soups, stews, and as a side dish, and can be roasted or mashed for added flavor.

Tubers are a type of root that is rich in complex carbohydrates and fiber, with examples including potatoes, sweet potatoes, and yams.
They can be eaten baked, mashed, fried, or roasted, and are often used as a side dish.

Fruits are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked, with examples including apples, bananas, tomatoes, and cucumbers.
They are often eaten as a snack or used in desserts, and can add natural sweetness and flavor to dishes.

Flowers are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked, with examples including broccoli, cauliflower, and artichokes.
They are rich in vitamins and antioxidants, and can add flavor and texture to salads and other dishes.

Seeds are edible and can be eaten raw or roasted, with examples including sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, and sesame seeds.
They are rich in protein and healthy fats, and can be used as a snack or added to dishes for added nutrition.

Other edible parts of plants include buds, shoots, and sap, which can be used in specialty dishes or as a garnish.
Examples include Brussels sprouts, bamboo shoots, and maple syrup.