Plant Biology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following features is NOT characteristic of plants?

  • Cell walls made of cellulose
  • Photoautotrophic
  • Prokaryotic cells (correct)
  • Multicellular organisms

    • Plants store carbohydrates primarily in the form of starch.

    True

    What are the two generations that alternate in the development cycle of plants?

    haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte

    Plants are primarily terrestrial except for some groups, known as _______ plants.

    <p>aquatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the plant structures with their functions:

    <p>Roots = Absorption of water and minerals Leaves = Photosynthesis Stems = Support and transport Xylem = Transport of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance prevents water loss in the stems and leaves of plants?

    <p>Cuticle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-flowering plants reproduce using seeds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two classifications based on the reproductive characteristics of plants?

    <p>non-flowering and flowering plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure that develops from spores in mosses?

    <p>Protonema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liverworts are known to grow in dry environments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two groups of liverworts based on their vegetative structure.

    <p>Thalloid liverworts and leafy liverworts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vegetative apparatus of thalloid liverworts is represented by a __________.

    <p>thallus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with the correct type of liverwort:

    <p>Thallus = Thalloid liverworts Leaves with a single layer of undifferentiated cells = Leafy liverworts Creeping chlorophyllous thallus = Thalloid liverworts Two rows of equal-sized leaves = Leafy liverworts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures appear on the upper side of the protonema?

    <p>Buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hornworts include a large number of species, around 6000.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlroenchyma in the thallus of thalloid liverworts?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vascular tissues are present in Pteridophytes?

    <p>Xylem and Phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pteridophytes reproduce using flowers and seeds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the most evolved group of Pteridophytes known for having megaphylls.

    <p>Ferns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The green leaflike flaps of tissue on the sporophyte of whisk ferns are called _______.

    <p>enations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of spores do heterosporic Pteridophytes produce?

    <p>Microspores and megaspores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sporophyte of Psilotopsida is characterized by having leaves.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the underground stem that connects the sporophyte of whisk ferns?

    <p>rhizome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following classes of Pteridophytes with their examples:

    <p>Psilotopsida = Whisk fern Lycopodiopsida = Club mosses Sphenopsida = Horsetail Filicopsida = Ferns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Lycopodium is true?

    <p>Lycopodium has one type of sporophyll and produces one type of spores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gametophytes of Equisetum are entirely dependent on the sporophyte for nutrients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leaves do ferns primarily have?

    <p>Megaphylls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Selaginella produces _____ after meiosis that develop into male and female gametophytes.

    <p>macrospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following plant types with their characteristics:

    <p>Lycopodium = One type of sporophyll, isosporic Equisetum = Fertile stems are non-photosynthetic Ferns = Megaphylls and circinate vernation Selaginella = Produces microspores and macrospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ferns is correct?

    <p>Ferns have sporangia grouped in clusters called sori.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatophytes are also known as seedless plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the protective layer that covers the sorus in ferns?

    <p>Indusium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of conifers?

    <p>Most are evergreen and some are deciduous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Angiosperms are considered the least diverse group in the Plant Kingdom.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature that distinguishes angiosperms from other plant groups?

    <p>Flowers containing reproductive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The leaves of conifers are adapted to drought and can be either tough needles or ________.

    <p>scale-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of floral whorls with their descriptions:

    <p>Sepals = Green protective parts forming the calyx Petals = Colored parts forming the corolla Stamens = Male reproductive parts forming the androecium Carpels = Female reproductive parts forming the gynoecium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the structure that holds the ovule in angiosperms?

    <p>Carpel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Welwitschia consists predominantly of leaves that extend from a deep taproot.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon is a characteristic feature of angiosperm fertilization?

    <p>Double fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Kingdom Generalities

    • Plants evolved from ancient green algae
    • Plants are multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes
    • Plant cells are grouped into tissues, then organs
    • Plants possess an erect stalk (Cormophytes)
    • Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose and vacuoles
    • Photosynthesis is the primary means of obtaining energy using chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid pigments
    • Carbohydrates are stored as starch in chloroplasts and other plastids
    • Most plants are terrestrial, but some are aquatic with adaptations
    • Plants display alternation of generations (haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte)

    Plant Adaptations to Land Colonization

    • Specialized structures for improved photosynthesis, reproduction, support, and anchoring emerged
    • Leaves increased the surface area for photosynthesis and have pores for gas exchange (stomata)
    • Leaves have a cuticle to prevent water loss
    • Lignified cell walls provide structural support
    • Vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) transport water, nutrients, and sugars
    • Roots support the plant and absorb water and minerals
    • Protection of reproductive cells (spores, embryos) improved with adaptations

    Plant Kingdom Classification

    • Plants can be classified by tissue structure (non-vascular vs. vascular), reproductive characteristics (spores vs. seeds), and seed structure (naked vs. enclosed)
    • There are various classification systems, but one used for simplification is based on: vascular/non-vascular, presence/absence of flowers and seeds, and structure of seeds (naked or covered inside a fruit)

    Subkingdom of Nonvascular Plants (Bryophytes)

    • Transitional between green algae and vascular plants
    • Lack true vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)
    • Have a dominant gametophyte stage
    • Examples: mosses, liverworts, hornworts
    • Lack true roots, the rhizoids provide anchorage and water uptake. They absorb water directly from the environment.
    • The sporophyte phase grows on the gametophyte
    • Reproduction is by spores.

    Class Bryopsida (Mosses)

    • Most common bryophytes (nearly 14,000 species)
    • Gametophyte has upright stem-like structures, leafy blades, and rhizoids for anchorage
    • Sporophyte develops on the female gametophyte; stomata are present
    • Has a haustorial foot which anchors the sporophyte to the gametophyte for nutrient acquisition.
    • A stalk called the seta supports the capsule.
    • Spaced teeth called peristome teeth are in the sporophyte capsule, allowing spores to be dispersed when the capsule dries.

    Class Hepaticopsida (Liverworts)

    • Approximately 6,000 species
    • Gametophytes are either thalloid (leaf-like) or leafy
    • Sporophytes develop on the female gametophyte
    • Stomata present on the sporophyte structure, different from what is seen in mosses
    • Reproduction is primarily by spores

    Class Anthoceropsida (Hornworts)

    • About 300 species
    • Gametophytes form rosettes, with archegonia and antheridia on the dorsal and ventral surfaces
    • Sporophytes consist of a foot and a long capsule
    • Sporophyte possesses stomata that resemble those in vascular plants

    Sub-kingdom of Vascular Plants

    • Have vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) for efficient transport of water and nutrients
    • Dominant sporophyte generation
    • Examples include ferns, club mosses, horsetails

    Phylum Pteridophyta

    • Vascular plants that produce spores, but no seeds
    • Have roots, stems, leaves, and vascular tissue
    • Sporophytes are the dominant stage
    • Examples include whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and ferns

    Phylum Spermatophyta (Seed Plants)

    • Reproduce with seeds, replacing spores
    • Gametophytes are reduced and dependent on the sporophytes
    • Examples include gymnosperms and angiosperms

    Subphylum Gymnosperms

    • Seeds are not enclosed in fruit
    • Examples include conifers, cycads, Gnetophytes, and Ginkgo
    • The ovule is exposed and protected by a cone.

    Subphylum Angiosperms

    • Seeds are enclosed in fruit
    • Examples include monocots and dicots
    • Reproduce using flowers

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on plant biology with this quiz that covers various characteristics, life cycles, and classifications of plants. Explore concepts from non-flowering plants to the unique structures of liverworts. This quiz is perfect for students studying botany or related subjects.

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