Plant Biology Quiz

Multicellular organisms that obtain energy through photosynthesis, have cell walls made of cellulose, and store carbohydrates as starch.

A group of plants characterized by the presence of specialized tissues for transport, support, and reproduction.

A group of plants without specialized vascular tissues for transport, typically found in moist environments.

The process of generating energy from sunlight.

Protective layer covering stems and leaves, reducing water loss.

The rigid substance that provides support and strength to plants.

Special cells that transport water and minerals throughout plants.

Special cells that transport sugars produced by photosynthesis.

Vascular plants without flowers or seeds, but with conductive tissues like xylem and phloem.

The dominant, long-lived stage in the life cycle of a pteridophyte. It produces spores.

The short-lived, small stage in the life cycle of a pteridophyte. It produces gametes (sperm and egg).

Simple, non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts. They have a dominant gametophyte stage.

Leafless, stem-like structures found in whisk ferns (Psilotum). They are green and photosynthetic, but lack veins.

A group of Pteridophytes with small leaves (microphylls) lacking a stalk (petiole) and containing only one vein.

Ferns, which have large, complex leaves (megaphylls) called fronds, with a distinct stalk (petiole), network of veins, and a flattened blade (lamina).

Leaves specialized for spore production in Pteridophytes, containing sporangia.

A multicellular, branched filament that develops from a moss spore. It's responsible for producing the gametophyte.

The underside of the protonema, where small, root-like structures attach the moss to a surface. It's important for absorption.

A group of mosses characterized by having a flattened, thallus-like shape. They lack leaves and stems.

A group of liverworts with a leafy appearance, resembling small leaves connected to a stem. They typically have two rows of equal-sized leaves and a third row of smaller leaves on the underside.

The vegetative structure of a thalloid liverwort. It's a flattened, branched body with a distinct upper and lower surface. It's responsible for photosynthesis and absorbing water.

The photosynthetic tissue in a thalloid liverwort, found on the upper surface of the thallus. It's responsible for absorbing sunlight and converting it into energy.

Small openings on the upper surface of a thalloid liverwort thallus that allow for gas exchange, facilitating respiration and photosynthesis. These openings are surrounded by air-carrying chambers.

A group of bryophytes that have a sporophyte shaped like a horn. They are characterized by having a single chloroplast in each cell.

A type of vascular plant with leaves called microphylls and spores grouped in cone-like structures called strobili.

Lycopodium produce only one type of spore, meaning they have both male and female gametophytes.

A type of vascular plant with strobili that produce both microspores (male) and macrospores (female), leading to separate male and female gametophytes.

The aerial stems of horsetails grow from rhizomes and have nodes, internodes, and ribs. They have small leaves called microphylls arranged in whorls on the nodes.

Equisetum produce only one type of spore, meaning they have both male and female gametophytes.

Ferns have large, divided leaves called fronds, an underground rhizome, and clusters of sporangia called sori found on the underside of the fronds.

Most ferns produce only one type of spore, meaning they have both male and female gametophytes.

The sporangia in ferns are usually grouped in clusters called 'sori' on the underside of the fronds and are often protected by a layer called an 'indusium'.

A group of vascular plants with seeds that are not enclosed within an ovary. They include conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes.

Modified leaves that bear the reproductive organs in gymnosperms.

A division of gymnosperms characterized by large, often palm-like plants with cones that contain reproductive structures.

The only living species of a division of gymnosperms known for their distinctive fan-shaped leaves.

A division of gymnosperms characterized by three unique genera: Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitschia.

A genus within Gnetopsida known for their vines with leathery leaves.

A genus within Gnetopsida characterized by branched shrubs with small, scaley leaves.

A genus within Gnetopsida which is a unique plant with only two leaves that continue to grow throughout its lifespan.

A plant with an unusual body structure, a shallow disc-like stem, and two long ribbon-like leaves growing from the stem.

A large and widespread group of gymnosperms characterized by reproductive organs housed in cones.

The reproductive organs grouped inside cones in conifers.

Special cells in conifers that transport water and minerals throughout the plant.

A sticky substance found in stems and leaves of conifers, giving them a resinous quality.

Plants that remain green all year, continuously producing new leaves.

Plants that have both male and female reproductive organs on the same individual.

Plants that have separate male and female individuals.