Types of Operating Systems
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Questions and Answers

What type of operating system allows multiple users to perform multiple tasks concurrently?

  • Batch Operating System
  • Network Operating System
  • Real-Time Operating System
  • Multi-tasking Operating System (correct)

Which operating system is characterized by its ability to treat multiple CPUs as one centralized system?

  • Real-Time Operating System
  • Multi-processing Operating System
  • Distributed Operating System (correct)
  • Network Operating System

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Non-pre-emptive Multi-Tasking Operating System?

  • Enables cooperative multitasking
  • Allows context switching (correct)
  • Is commonly found in UNIX systems
  • Cannot initiate context switches

Which mobile operating system is known for powering wearables?

<p>watchOS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of operating system does the system respond and process inputs in extremely small time intervals?

<p>Real-Time Operating System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Network Operating System?

<p>Manage networking functions including users and data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of operating system is known for its ability to enhance the throughput by utilizing more than one CPU?

<p>Multi-processing Operating System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these systems is designed exclusively for executing tasks in organized groups?

<p>Batch Operating System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a group of eight bits commonly called?

<p>Byte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section in assembly language is used for declaring variables?

<p>BSS Section (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What programming language was used to develop the Apollo Guidance Computer's software?

<p>Assembly Language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using bits in networking?

<p>Data transmission rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these features is not part of the Menuet OS?

<p>Voice recognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assembly language register is mainly used for arithmetic operations?

<p>eax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the syscall 'int 0x80' perform?

<p>Writing to stdout (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the Visible Calculator (VISICAL C) first released?

<p>1979 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the development of the first assembler language?

<p>Kathleen Booth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ASCII code for the uppercase letter A?

<p>1000001 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unicode provides codes for how many characters?

<p>65535 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of UTF-8 encoding?

<p>It can represent characters using variable lengths. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is commonly referred to as 'text'?

<p>Character data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a time-sharing operating system?

<p>To allow multiple users to run applications on the same computer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ASCII codes?

<p>Encoding text characters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bits does Unicode primarily use to represent characters?

<p>16 bits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes digitization?

<p>The conversion of information to digital data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of file is often referred to as 'Plain Text' on Apple devices?

<p>.txt files (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the binary number system consist of?

<p>Only two digits: 0 and 1. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operating system was first introduced in 1972 and is still in use today?

<p>IBM VM/CMS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of assembly language programming, what is its primary purpose?

<p>To communicate directly with a computer's hardware. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant characteristic of the digital revolution?

<p>The emergence of inexpensive digital devices that are widespread. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bit' stand for?

<p>Binary digit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature do Windows Terminal Services provide?

<p>Remote access to a Windows server for multiple users. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Character Data

A sequence of characters, including letters, symbols, and numerals, used to represent text.

ASCII

A standard code for representing characters used in computers and other devices. It assigns a unique numerical value to each character, including letters, numbers, and punctuation marks.

Unicode

A coding scheme that allows for a greater variety of characters than ASCII, including characters from different languages and symbols.

UTF-8

A variable-length coding scheme that uses 7 bits for common ASCII characters and 16 bits for other characters, allowing it to represent a wide range of characters.

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Assembler Language

A type of computer program that is written in a language that is closer to human language compared to machine language, making it easier for programmers to understand and write.

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Kathleen Booth

The person who designed ARC assembly language, a pioneering development in computer programming.

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Von Neumann Architecture

An architecture of a computer system where both data and instructions are stored in the same memory space.

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Unformatted Text

A type of text file that is not formatted with additional styles or structure.

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Time-Sharing Operating System

A type of operating system where multiple users can access the same computer simultaneously, sharing its resources and running applications, each user getting a slice of the CPU time.

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Digitization

The process of converting information (text, numbers, images, etc.) into digital data that can be understood and manipulated by electronic devices.

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Digital Revolution

The evolution of digital technology, marked by four phases, starting with large, expensive computers to today's ubiquitous, small, and inexpensive devices.

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Binary Number System

A system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to represent data. Each digit is called a bit.

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Numeric Data

Numeric data consists of numbers that can be used in mathematical calculations, but in computers, these are represented using the binary system.

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Virtual Machine Environment

An operating system that allows one computer to host multiple virtual environments, each running its own operating system and applications, like separate computers.

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Windows Terminal Services

A type of time-sharing operating system that lets multiple users access a Windows server from remote locations, essentially running applications on the server.

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Batch Operating System

A type of operating system designed to efficiently process jobs in batches, often used in systems like payroll or bank statements. It manages multiple jobs sequentially instead of simultaneously.

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Multi-tasking Operating System

An operating system that supports multiple users performing multiple tasks concurrently on a single processor. This allows for greater efficiency and user experience.

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Pre-emptive Multi-Tasking OS

A type of multitasking where the operating system decides when to switch between processes. It's like a traffic cop for your applications, ensuring no one process dominates the CPU.

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Non-pre-emptive Multi-Tasking OS

A type of multitasking where processes run until they voluntarily release the CPU. It is less efficient than pre-emptive multitasking. Imagine a group of people politely taking turns on a single task.

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Multi-Processing Operating System

An operating system that uses multiple CPU cores to perform tasks simultaneously. This dramatically increases the processing power.

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Distributed Operating System

An operating system where multiple CPUs are connected across a network, appearing as a single system to end-users. This allows for resource sharing, increased data access, and improved performance.

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Network Operating System

An operating system used in a server environment to manage data, users, security, applications, and other networking functions. It is designed to handle network-connected devices efficiently.

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Real-Time Operating System

An operating system designed for devices with a very short time interval to process data and respond to input. Examples include systems used in industrial automation, aerospace, or gaming.

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Byte

A group of eight bits, often abbreviated as 'B'. Used for file sizes and storage capacities.

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Bit

A single binary digit, either a 0 or a 1. The smallest unit of data in a computer.

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Text Section

A section of code in an assembly program that holds the actual instructions to be executed.

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Data Section

A section of code in an assembly program that stores initialized data or constants.

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BSS Section

A section of code in an assembly program that reserves memory for variables.

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EAX Register

A 32-bit register in assembly language that is used for a variety of general purposes, including math operations and data storage.

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EBX Register

A 32-bit register in assembly language used for holding base addresses within the data segment of a program.

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Study Notes

Types of Operating Systems

  • Batch Operating Systems manage many jobs efficiently, processing them in groups (e.g., payroll, bank statements).
  • Multitasking Operating Systems allow multiple users to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
    • Pre-emptive multitasking (e.g., macOS 8.0-9.2.2, Windows 3.x) never initiates context switching.
    • Non-preemptive multitasking (e.g., Unix, Windows 95, Windows NT) can initiate context switching.
  • Multiprocessing Operating Systems utilize more than one CPU to execute tasks more quickly, improving throughput.
  • Time-sharing Operating Systems allocate CPU time to each task, enabling smooth execution for multiple users simultaneously (also called multitasking systems). Examples include IBM VM/CMS (introduced in 1972).
  • Distributed Operating Systems utilize multiple CPUs, appearing centralized to the user; share resources like CPUs, disks, and networks across different sites.
  • Network Operating Systems manage data, users, security, and networking functions on servers.
  • Real-time Operating Systems process inputs and respond within very short time intervals.
  • Mobile Operating Systems power smartphones, tablets, and wearables (e.g., Android, iOS, BlackBerry).

Data Representation

  • Data represents people, events, and concepts. It can include names, numbers, images, or music.
  • Data representation defines how data is stored, processed, and transmitted.
  • Digitization converts information (text, numbers, photos, audio) into digital data for electronic processing. This is part of the digital revolution, which has evolved through phases, starting with large computers and moving to widespread digital devices.
  • Binary digits (bits), 0s and 1s, represent digital data.

Representing Numbers & Text

  • Numeric data uses numbers for calculations.
  • Digital devices represent numbers using the binary system (base 2, using 0s and 1s).
  • Character data (text) uses symbols, letters, and numerals.
    • ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) uses 7 bits per character.
    • Unicode uses 16 bits to represent more diverse characters.
    • UTF-8 is a variable-length encoding that uses 7-16 bits.

Assembly Language Programming

  • Assembly language is a low-level programming language that communicates directly with computer hardware.
  • It has a history dating back to the 1940s with early assemblers like Kathleen Booth's ARC assembly language.
  • It was used in significant computer systems and programs like the Apollo Guidance Computer and NBA Jam.

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Types Of Operating Systems PDF

Description

This quiz explores various types of operating systems, including batch, multitasking, multiprocessing, time-sharing, distributed, and network operating systems. You'll learn how these systems manage jobs and resources, and the different methodologies they employ for effective performance. Test your knowledge on the characteristics and examples of each type.

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