Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the age range commonly affected by Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)?
What is the age range commonly affected by Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)?
Which virus exposure is associated with the development of Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
Which virus exposure is associated with the development of Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
Which factor is NOT identified as a cause or risk factor for developing Multiple Sclerosis?
Which factor is NOT identified as a cause or risk factor for developing Multiple Sclerosis?
What is the most common type of Multiple Sclerosis?
What is the most common type of Multiple Sclerosis?
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Which area is mainly affected by Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
Which area is mainly affected by Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
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What sign is associated with Primary Progressive MS?
What sign is associated with Primary Progressive MS?
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What does the Evoked Potential Test (EPT) measure?
What does the Evoked Potential Test (EPT) measure?
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Which medication is associated with adverse effects on the eyes and liver?
Which medication is associated with adverse effects on the eyes and liver?
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What is a common symptom experienced during a flare in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What is a common symptom experienced during a flare in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
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What is recorded from brain waves during the Evoked Potential Test?
What is recorded from brain waves during the Evoked Potential Test?
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Which drug works by changing the way the immune system functions in MS?
Which drug works by changing the way the immune system functions in MS?
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What type of test is commonly used in MS diagnosis by stimulating the eyes and recording the response?
What type of test is commonly used in MS diagnosis by stimulating the eyes and recording the response?
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What is the purpose of using interferon beta-1A (Avonex, Rebif) in MS therapy?
What is the purpose of using interferon beta-1A (Avonex, Rebif) in MS therapy?
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What do abnormal response times in the Sensory evoked response or potential (SSER or SSEP) test indicate?
What do abnormal response times in the Sensory evoked response or potential (SSER or SSEP) test indicate?
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What is measured during the MRI scans of the brain and spinal cord in MS diagnosis?
What is measured during the MRI scans of the brain and spinal cord in MS diagnosis?
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What is the age range commonly affected by Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
What is the age range commonly affected by Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
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Which virus exposure is associated with the development of Primary Progressive MS?
Which virus exposure is associated with the development of Primary Progressive MS?
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What does Lhemitte’s sign, a symptom of Primary Progressive MS, refer to?
What does Lhemitte’s sign, a symptom of Primary Progressive MS, refer to?
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What is the main area affected by Primary Progressive MS?
What is the main area affected by Primary Progressive MS?
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Which condition is characterized by episodes of symptoms followed by periods of remission in which symptoms go away partially or totally?
Which condition is characterized by episodes of symptoms followed by periods of remission in which symptoms go away partially or totally?
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What is the role of Vitamin D deficiency in the development of Multiple Sclerosis?
What is the role of Vitamin D deficiency in the development of Multiple Sclerosis?
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What does the Evoked Potential Test (EPT) measure?
What does the Evoked Potential Test (EPT) measure?
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What is the purpose of using Fingolimod (Gilenya) in MS therapy?
What is the purpose of using Fingolimod (Gilenya) in MS therapy?
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What is the main characteristic of Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)?
What is the main characteristic of Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)?
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What is commonly used as the stimulus for Visual Evoked Response (VER) testing?
What is commonly used as the stimulus for Visual Evoked Response (VER) testing?
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Which medication is associated with adverse effects on the eyes and liver?
Which medication is associated with adverse effects on the eyes and liver?
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What do abnormal response times in the Auditory Brainstem Evoked Response (ABER or ABEP) test indicate?
What do abnormal response times in the Auditory Brainstem Evoked Response (ABER or ABEP) test indicate?
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What is measured during MRI scans of the brain and spinal cord in MS diagnosis?
What is measured during MRI scans of the brain and spinal cord in MS diagnosis?
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What type of test is commonly used in MS diagnosis by stimulating the eyes and recording the response?
What type of test is commonly used in MS diagnosis by stimulating the eyes and recording the response?
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Which drug works by changing the way the immune system functions in MS?
Which drug works by changing the way the immune system functions in MS?
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What are responses from the electrodes recorded during the Evoked Potential Test (EPT)?
What are responses from the electrodes recorded during the Evoked Potential Test (EPT)?
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Study Notes
Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
- Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) often affects individuals aged 20 to 40.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Types and Risks
- Epstein-Barr virus exposure is linked to the development of Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS).
- Vitamin D deficiency is considered a potential risk factor for developing Multiple Sclerosis but is not definitively established as a cause.
- The most common type of Multiple Sclerosis is Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS).
- Primary Progressive MS mainly affects the spinal cord and brain.
Symptoms and Clinical Signs
- Lhermitte’s sign, associated with Primary Progressive MS, refers to an electric shock-like sensation when the neck is bent.
- Common symptoms experienced during an MS flare include fatigue, numbness, and motor weakness.
Diagnostic Tests
- The Evoked Potential Test (EPT) measures the brain's electrical activity in response to stimuli.
- During the EPT, responses from the electrodes record brain wave activity.
- Visual Evoked Response (VER) testing commonly uses visual stimuli to assess vision pathways.
- The Sensory Evoked Response (SSER or SSEP) test shows abnormal response times, indicating potential neurological issues.
- MRI scans in MS diagnosis measure lesions and other abnormalities in the brain and spinal cord.
Medications and Treatments
- Fingolimod (Gilenya) alters immune system function and is used to treat MS.
- Interferon beta-1A (Avonex, Rebif) is utilized in therapy to reduce relapse rates.
- Certain medications, including specific MS treatments, can have adverse effects on the eyes and liver.
Progressive Forms of MS
- Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS) is characterized by a progressive decline following an initial relapse-remitting course of the disease.
- Primary Progressive MS does not typically exhibit clear episodes but rather a gradual worsening of symptoms.
Key Points on MS Management
- Understanding the relationship between viral infections, age range, and environmental factors is crucial in MS research and management.
- Continuous assessment through advanced testing and imaging is important in evaluating disease progression in MS.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the types of multiple sclerosis with this quiz prepared by Nhicole Sitoy. Explore the chronic disease's impact on the central nervous system, causes, risk factors, and more.
