Types of Molecular Forces

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason behind the formation of dipole-induced dipole interactions?

The presence of a fully charged ion

The presence of a permanent dipole in the polar molecule (correct)

The covalent bonding of hydrogen to a highly electronegative element

The formation of temporary dipoles in the non-polar molecule

What type of interactions occur between non-polar molecules?

Hydrogen bonds

Dipole-induced dipole interactions

Ion-dipole interactions

Induced dipole-induced dipole interactions or London dispersion forces (correct)

What determines whether a substance is a solid, liquid, or a gas?

The attractive forces between particles

Both the kinetic energy of the particles and the attractive forces between particles (correct)

The kinetic energy of the particles

The molecular weight of the substance

What is the result of the approach of an ion inducing a dipole in an atom or in a non-polar molecule?

Ion-induced dipole interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of molecules in a gas?

The molecules move apart when they collide Signup and view all the answers

What type of interaction occurs between a fully charged ion and a partially charged dipole?

Ion-dipole interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the relation between water and hydrophobes?

Hydrophobic interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of weak attractive forces between particles in a substance?

The formation of a gas Signup and view all the answers

What kind of bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal?

Ionic bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the attraction of unlike molecules?

Adhesion Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of unequal sharing of electrons in a molecule?

Dipole moment Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force involves the interaction between permanent dipoles?

Dipole-dipole Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for dipolar interactions?

Van der Waals forces Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is typically formed between non-metals?

Covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the attractive force that holds like molecules together?

Cohesion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the repulsion of molecules?

Repulsive force Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Binding Forces of Molecules

Composed of intramolecular forces and intermolecular forces
Intramolecular forces: bonds within a molecule, including covalent, ionic, and metallic bonding

Intramolecular Forces

Covalent bonds: sharing of electrons between non-metals
Ionic bonds: transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal
Metallic bonds: formed between metals

Intermolecular Forces (IMFs)

Attractive and repulsive forces between molecules
Weak compared to intramolecular forces
Attractive force: cohesion (between like molecules) or adhesion (between unlike molecules)
Repulsive force: molecules repel each other

Types of Intermolecular Forces

Van der Waals forces: dipolar interactions, including dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and induced dipole-induced dipole interactions
Ion and dipole forces: interactions between polar or non-polar molecules and ions
Hydrogen bonds: strong dipole-dipole interactions between hydrogen-containing molecules
Hydrophobic interactions: relations between water and hydrophobes (low water-soluble molecules)

Dipole Moment and Polar Molecules

Dipole moment: created when atoms in a molecule share electrons unequally
Polar molecule: has a partial negative end and a partial positive end
Dipole-dipole interactions: between polar molecules, resulting from the attraction of partial positive and negative ends

Van der Waals Forces

Dipole-dipole interactions (Keesom forces): between polar molecules
Dipole-induced dipole interactions (Debye forces): between a polar and a non-polar molecule
Induced dipole-induced dipole interactions (London dispersion forces): temporary attractive forces between non-polar molecules

Factors Affecting State of a Substance

Kinetic energy of particles: tends to keep particles moving apart
Attractive IMFs: tend to draw particles together
If kinetic energy > attractive forces, a substance will not condense to form liquid or solid
If kinetic energy < attractive forces, a liquid or solid will form

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Description

Learn about the different types of forces that bind molecules, including intramolecular and intermolecular forces, and their characteristics.