11 Questions
What type of forces hold atoms together within a molecule?
Intramolecular forces
What type of forces exist between oppositely charged ions?
Ion-ion forces
What is the strength of attraction between molecules held together by dipole-dipole forces?
Medium
What type of forces occur between nonpolar molecules?
Dispersion forces
What type of forces occur between polar molecules containing H and highly electronegative elements?
Hydrogen bond
What is a characteristic of dispersion forces?
Present in all molecules
What is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid?
Melting point
What is the ability of a liquid to pass through a narrow space without external forces?
Capillarity
What is the unit of measurement equivalent to 1 millipascal second?
Centipoise
What is the result of stronger intermolecular forces on the boiling point of a substance?
Higher boiling point
What is the term for the heat required to turn a liquid into a gas?
Vaporization
Study Notes
Intramolecular Forces
- Hold atoms together within a molecule
- Also known as chemical bonds
Intermolecular Forces
- Attractive and repulsive forces that hold molecules together in a substance
- Types include ion-ion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bond, and dispersion forces
Ion-Ion Forces
- Occur between ionic compounds
- Exist between oppositely charged ions
- Strength of attraction: HIGH
- Like charges repell each other, opposite charges attract
Dipole-Dipole Forces
- Occur between polar molecules
- Strength of attraction: MEDIUM
- Average dipole-dipole interaction is relatively weak and effective over a very short range
Hydrogen Bond
- Special dipole-dipole force
- Occurs between polar molecules containing H and highly electronegative elements (F, O, N)
- Strength of attraction: MEDIUM-HIGH
Dispersion Forces (London Forces)
- Present in ALL molecules
- Occur between nonpolar molecules
- Strength of attraction: LOW
Learn about the different types of forces that hold atoms and molecules together, including intramolecular and intermolecular forces, and ion-ion forces.
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