Questions and Answers
Which joint permits the most range of motion in the body, but has poor stability due to the head having a greater surface area than the fossa?
Glenohumeral joint
What type of joint connects the acromion process of the scapula with the lateral end of the clavicle?
Acromioclavicular joint
Which muscles attached to the scapula permit its motion with trunk and thorax in various directions?
Rotator cuff muscles (SITS)
What is the main mechanism of injury for ulnar dislocation?
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Which joint in the elbow complex allows flexion and extension movements and is formed by the trochlea of humerus with trochlear fossa of ulna?
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In which type of injury would a patient experience a 'snapping or cracking sensation, severe pain, rapid swelling, and total loss of function'?
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Which joint allows for minimal movement and involves the coracoid process of the scapula with the inferior surface of the clavicle?
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What is the mechanism of injury for ulnar dislocation involving a sudden, violent unidirectional valgus force?
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In which soft tissue healing stage does angiogenesis occur?
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Which type of injury is associated with the 'Terrible triad of the elbow' involving snapping or cracking sensation, severe pain, and rapid swelling?
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What type of movements are permitted at the Humeroradial joint formed by the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius?
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Which condition results from repetitive pressure and friction on a flexed elbow?
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Which muscles form a collagenous cuff around the Glenohumeral joint to aid in stabilizing the head against the glenoid fossa?
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Which joint allows for protraction/retraction, upward/downward rotation, internal/external rotation, and anterior/posterior tipping?
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'Longitudinal traction of an arm extended and pronated upper extremity' refers to which type of injury mechanism?
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'Total loss of function' warrants immediate physician referral in cases related to which type of injury symptom?
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Study Notes
Upper Limb Joints
- Sternoclavicular joint: connects the superior sternum (manubrium) with the medial (sternal) end of the clavicle
- Acromioclavicular joint: connects the acromion process of the scapula with the lateral end of the clavicle
- Coracoclavicular joint: connects the coracoid process of the scapula with the inferior surface of the clavicle
- Scapulothoracic joint: muscles attached to the scapula permit its motion with the trunk and thorax, allowing for elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, upward/downward rotation, internal/external rotation, and anterior/posterior tipping
Glenohumeral Joint
- Connects the glenoid fossa of the scapula with the head of the humerus
- Most ROM of any joint in the body, but poor stability due to the humeral head having a greater surface area than the fossa, and a shallow fossa
- Rotator cuff muscles (SITS) form a collagenous cuff around the joint, helping to hold the head against the glenoid fossa
- Mechanism of Injury (MOI): longitudinal traction of an arm that is extended and pronated
- Symptoms and Signs (S&S): inability to pronate and supinate pain-free warrants immediate physician referral
Elbow Joint
- Consists of three articulations (humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joints) within a single capsule
- Humeroulnar joint: connects the trochlea of the humerus with the trochlear fossa of the ulna; a hinge joint allowing for flexion and extension
- Humeroradial joint: connects the capitulum of the humerus with the head of the radius; a gliding/pivot joint (limited ball and socket joint)
- Proximal radioulnar joint: connects the head of the radius with the radial notch of the ulna; a pivot joint allowing for pronation and supination
Ulnar Dislocation
- MOI: hyperextension due to a sudden, violent, unidirectional valgus force driving the ulna posterior or posterolateral
- S&S: snapping or cracking sensation, severe pain, rapid swelling, and total loss of function
- Known as the "Terrible Triad of the Elbow"
Olecranon Bursitis
- MOI: fall on a flexed elbow or constantly leaning on the elbow, causing repetitive pressure and friction
- Anatomy: three articulations (humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joints) within a single capsule
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