Shoulder Girdle and Joints Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which ligament is responsible for linking the two clavicles to each other and the manubrium of the sternum?

Coraco-clavicular ligament

Costo-clavicular ligament

Inter-clavicular ligament (correct)

Acromio-clavicular ligament

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint classified as?

Ball and socket joint

Synovial - plane joint (correct)

Hinge joint

Pivot joint

Which ligament provides weight-bearing support for the upper limb on the clavicle?

Coraco-clavicular ligament (correct)

Acromio-clavicular ligament

Anterior sterno-clavicular ligament

Costo-clavicular ligament

What movements are primarily associated with the shoulder girdle?

Retraction and Protraction Signup and view all the answers

The acromio-clavicular ligament is positioned relative to the joint in what way?

Superior to the joint Signup and view all the answers

The conoid ligament is a part of which larger ligament?

Coraco-clavicular ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the attachment point of the trapezoid ligament?

Trapezoid line on the clavicle Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament links the proximal end of the clavicle to the first rib?

Costo-clavicular ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which joint in the shoulder complex is classified as a synovial saddle joint?

Sternoclavicular joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the combined movements at the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints?

Enable scapula positioning Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature separates the articular cavity of the sternoclavicular joint?

Articular disc Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of cleidocranial dysplasia regarding the clavicle?

Clavicle is variably developed or absent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the shoulder complex?

Radial head Signup and view all the answers

The acromioclavicular joint serves to link which two bones?

Clavicle and scapula Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the shoulder girdle's stability?

Presence of multiple ligaments Signup and view all the answers

The articular surfaces of the sternoclavicular joint consist of which structures?

Clavicular notch of the manubrium sterni and 1st costal cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What injury is a result of severe trauma to the acromioclavicular joint?

Elevation and upward dislocation of the clavicle Signup and view all the answers

What type of dislocation may occur at the medial end of the clavicle?

Anterior or posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk associated with a posterior dislocation of the clavicle?

Compression of the great vessels in the neck Signup and view all the answers

Which management option is most appropriate for a patient with a suspected acromioclavicular joint injury?

Immobilization with a sling and rehabilitation referral Signup and view all the answers

What imaging finding might suggest an acromioclavicular joint injury?

Widening of the acromioclavicular joint space Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with a dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint?

Pain during shoulder abduction Signup and view all the answers

What physical examination finding is characteristic of an acromioclavicular joint injury?

Tenderness over the acromioclavicular joint Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most likely if a patient presents with a fall on the shoulder and X-ray shows no fractures but joint space widening?

Acromioclavicular joint injury Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the elevation of the scapula?

Upper fibers of trapezius Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action performed during the downward rotation of the scapula?

Returning the scapula to a neutral position Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is most involved in the upward rotation of the scapula?

Upper fibers of trapezius and lower digitations of serratus anterior Signup and view all the answers

What action does the pectoralis minor primarily perform?

Protraction of the scapula Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical site of clavicle fracture?

Medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3 Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for shoulder retraction?

Middle fibers of trapezius Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the downward rotation of the scapula?

Middle fibers of trapezius Signup and view all the answers

During shoulder protraction, which muscle plays a significant role?

Pectoralis minor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Shoulder Girdle

The shoulder girdle is made up of three joints: sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, and the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint.
The sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint connect the clavicle and scapula to the trunk.
The sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint allow the scapula to move over a wide range on the thoracic wall.
In cleidocranial dysplasia, the clavicles are underdeveloped or absent, resulting in the shoulders being able to be brought close together.

Sternoclavicular Joint

The sternoclavicular joint is a synovial saddle joint.
The articular surfaces of the joint are the clavicular notch of the manubrium sternii and the 1st costal cartilage medially, and the medial (sternal) end of the clavicle laterally.
The articular cavity is separated into medial and lateral compartments by an articular disc.
The joint is supported by four ligaments:
- Anterior and posterior sterno-clavicular ligaments
- Inter-clavicular ligament
- Costo-clavicular ligament
Movements allowed at the sternoclavicular joint include:
- Retraction and protraction
- Elevation and depression

Acromioclavicular Joint

The acromioclavicular joint is a synovial plane joint.
The articular surfaces of the joint are the acromial end of the clavicle medially and the medial surface of the acromion laterally.
The joint is supported by two ligaments:
- Acromio-clavicular ligament
- Coraco-clavicular ligament:
  - Provides weight-bearing support for the upper limb on the clavicle, such as when lifting a heavy weight.
  - Maintains the position of the clavicle on the acromion.
  - It is attached to the coracoid process of the scapula inferiorly and is split into two parts superiorly:
    - Trapezoid ligament: attaches to the trapezoid line on the clavicle.
    - Conoid ligament: attaches to the conoid tubercle on the clavicle.
Movements allowed at the acromioclavicular joint include:
- Retraction and protraction
- Elevation and depression

Movements of the Shoulder Girdle

Elevation of the scapula (Elevation of Shoulder): Muscles involved include upper fibers of the trapezius and levator scapulae.
Depression of the scapula (Depression of Shoulder): Muscle involved includes pectoralis minor.
Upward rotation of the scapula (Abduction) (Raising the arm above the head): Muscles involved include upper fibers of the trapezius, lower fibers of the trapezius, and lower digitations of serratus anterior.
Downward rotation of the scapula: Muscles involved include levator scapulae, rhomboideus major and minor, and pectoralis minor.
Protraction (Movement the shoulder forward): Muscles involved include serratus anterior and pectoralis minor.
Retraction (Movement of the shoulder backward): Muscles involved include middle fibers of trapezius and rhomboideus major and minor.

Clinical Correlation: Fractures of the Clavicle

The clavicle is the only bony connection between the upper limb and the trunk.
The clavicle transmits forces from the upper limb to the trunk.
The typical site of fracture is at the medial two-thirds and lateral one-third of the clavicle.
The acromial end of the clavicle tends to dislocate downwards.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the shoulder girdle, including the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints. Explore how these joints function and their relevance in conditions like cleidocranial dysplasia. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of these critical components of the upper body.