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Questions and Answers
What type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?
What is the primary function of the synovial membrane?
Which type of joint has a rounded surface of one bone that articulates with a ring formed by a second bone and a ligament?
What is the main purpose of the endomysium?
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What is the function of the T-tubules in muscle cells?
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What is the ability of muscles to respond to chemicals released from nerve cells?
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What type of joint has a convex surface of one bone that fits into a concave surface of another bone?
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What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
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What is the primary function of the articular cartilage in synovial joints?
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Which type of synovial joint allows for rotation, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?
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What is the function of the epimysium in muscle tissue?
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What is the ability of muscle tissue to stretch without damaging the tissue?
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What is the function of the mitochondria in muscle cells?
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What type of joint has a saddle-shaped bone that fits into another bone?
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What is the function of the perimysium in muscle tissue?
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What is the ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape after being stretched?
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Study Notes
Types of Joints
- Cartilaginous Joints: made of cartilage, little to no movement
- Synchondroses: immovable joints, found in epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and sternum
- Symphysis: slightly movable joints, found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
- Synovial Joints: freely movable joints, characterized by articular cartilage and synovial membrane
Synovial Joints
- Articular cartilage: reduces friction, absorbs shock
- Articular capsule: surrounds joint, has thickenings in fibrous capsule
- Synovial membrane: inner lining of capsule, secretes synovial fluid, brings nutrients to articular cartilage
Types of Synovial Joints
- Saddle joint: one bone is saddle-shaped, the other bone fits into it
- Condyloid joint: oval-shaped projection fits into oval depression, allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
- Pivot joint: rounded surface of bone articulates with ring formed by 2nd bone and ligament, allows for supination and pronation
- Hinge joint: convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of 2nd bone, allows for flexion and extension
- Ball and socket joint: allows for rotation, revolve around its own longitudinal axis
Muscle Properties
- Conductivity: ability to propagate electrical signals over membrane
- Contractibility: ability to shorten and generate force
- Extensibility: ability to be stretched without damaging the tissue
- Elasticity: ability to return to original shape after being stretched
Connective Tissue Components of Muscle
- Endomysium: surrounds individual muscle cells
- Perimysium: surrounds bundles of muscle cells
- Epimysium: surrounds the whole muscle
Muscle Fibers
- Sarcolemma: muscle cell membrane, made of lipids
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR): stores calcium, releases it to trigger muscle contraction
- T-tubules: extensions of the sarcolemma, carry sodium ions
- Mitochondria: lies in rows throughout the cells, uses ATP during muscle contraction
Muscle Action Potential
- Excitability: ability to respond to chemicals released from nerve cells
- Muscle action potential: flow of sodium ions through t-tubules
Types of Joints
- Cartilaginous Joints: made of cartilage, little to no movement
- Synchondroses: immovable joints, found in epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and sternum
- Symphysis: slightly movable joints, found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
- Synovial Joints: freely movable joints, characterized by articular cartilage and synovial membrane
Synovial Joints
- Articular cartilage: reduces friction, absorbs shock
- Articular capsule: surrounds joint, has thickenings in fibrous capsule
- Synovial membrane: inner lining of capsule, secretes synovial fluid, brings nutrients to articular cartilage
Types of Synovial Joints
- Saddle joint: one bone is saddle-shaped, the other bone fits into it
- Condyloid joint: oval-shaped projection fits into oval depression, allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
- Pivot joint: rounded surface of bone articulates with ring formed by 2nd bone and ligament, allows for supination and pronation
- Hinge joint: convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of 2nd bone, allows for flexion and extension
- Ball and socket joint: allows for rotation, revolve around its own longitudinal axis
Muscle Properties
- Conductivity: ability to propagate electrical signals over membrane
- Contractibility: ability to shorten and generate force
- Extensibility: ability to be stretched without damaging the tissue
- Elasticity: ability to return to original shape after being stretched
Connective Tissue Components of Muscle
- Endomysium: surrounds individual muscle cells
- Perimysium: surrounds bundles of muscle cells
- Epimysium: surrounds the whole muscle
Muscle Fibers
- Sarcolemma: muscle cell membrane, made of lipids
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR): stores calcium, releases it to trigger muscle contraction
- T-tubules: extensions of the sarcolemma, carry sodium ions
- Mitochondria: lies in rows throughout the cells, uses ATP during muscle contraction
Muscle Action Potential
- Excitability: ability to respond to chemicals released from nerve cells
- Muscle action potential: flow of sodium ions through t-tubules
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Description
Learn about the different types of joints, including cartilaginous, synchondroses, symphysis, and synovial joints. Understand their characteristics, such as movement and composition.
