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Questions and Answers
What type of joint does not allow for movement?
What is the purpose of the periosteum?
What is the function of the bursa?
What is the joint cavity filled with?
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What is the articular capsule composed of?
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What is the main function of ligaments in the body?
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Which type of joint allows for movement in all directions but rotation?
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What is the main cause of osteoarthritis?
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What is the main difference between a joint dislocation and a joint separation?
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Which type of joint is characterized by a bone that slides over a flat bone?
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What is the main symptom of a meniscal tear?
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What is the main function of tendons in the body?
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What is the main goal of the PEIR treatment method for injuries?
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Study Notes
Joints
- Joints are where two or more bones connect, allowing for movement.
- There are three main types of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
Types of Joints
- Fibrous joints: made of tough fibrous tissue, does not allow for movement (e.g. skull).
- Cartilaginous joints: made of cartilage and allows for restricted movement (e.g. vertebrae).
- Synovial joints: allows for complete movement (e.g. hip and elbow).
Synovial Joints
- Periosteum: a coating of the bone that supplies it with blood cells.
- Hyaline cartilage: protects the end of bones and absorbs shocks.
- Synovial membrane: a sac that produces and dispenses synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint.
- Joint cavity: filled with synovial fluid.
- Bursa: allows skin, ligaments, and tendons to glide over each other.
- Fibrous connective tissue: provides strength to the joint.
- Articular capsule: an envelope made of fibrous connective tissue and synovial membrane that encloses the joint.
Ligament vs. Tendons
- Ligament: connects bones, made of white connective tissue, flexible but not elastic, avascular.
- Tendon: connects bones to muscles, made of collagen (fibrous protein), vascular.
Types of Joints
- Pivot joints: bone inside a ring-shaped bone, allows for rotation (e.g. neck and forearm).
- Hinge joints: convex and concave (parallel), allows for flexion/extension (e.g. ankle, knee, and elbow).
- Saddle joints: convex and concave (perpendicular), allows for flexion/extension (e.g. thumb, carpo-metacarpal).
- Plane joints: bone that slides over a flat bone, allows for flexion/extension (e.g. ankle and wrist).
- Ball-and-Socket joints: rounded head of bone inside a cup-shaped bone, allows for movement in all directions (e.g. hip and shoulder).
- Ellipsoid joints: ovoid-shaped head of bone inside a concave ellipsoid shape bone, allows for movement in all directions but rotation (e.g. wrist, radiocarpal, and hand, metacarpophalangeal).
Joint Related Injuries
- Joint dislocation: when a bone is displaced from its joint, often caused by falls and collisions (e.g. shoulder and fingers).
- Joint separation: damage to the ligament of the shoulder joint where the clavicle meets the scapula, often caused by direct falls/hits to the shoulder, car accidents, and sports injuries.
- Osteoarthritis: loss of cartilage in joints, often caused by age, obesity, sex, genetics, and joint injuries (e.g. hands, knees, hips, and vertebrae).
- Bursitis: inflammation of the bursa at a point of friction between bone, ligament, and tendon, often caused by repetitive movement (e.g. elbow and shoulder).
- Tendinitis: inflammation of tendons, often caused by irritation from prolonged or abnormal movement.
- Knee ligament tears: tearing of the knee ligament, often caused by sudden twisting motion (e.g. ACL), direct hit (e.g. PCL), blow to the inner or outer knee (e.g. MCL and LCL).
- Meniscal tears: tear of the meniscus (pad of cartilage that absorbs shocks), often caused by twisting motion when the knee is bent/pivot attempt (e.g. knee, may hear a popping sound).
- Osgood Schlatter Syndrome: affects the epiphyseal plate of the tibial tuberosity, often caused by overloading or overusing the plate, leading to inflammation and irritation.
Injury Treatment
- Recognition: SHARP (swelling, heat, altered, red, pain).
- Treatment: PEIR (pressure, elevate, ice, restrict).
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Description
This quiz covers the different types of joints in the human body, including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints, as well as their components and functions.
