Types of Investigations and Police Procedures Quiz
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Types of Investigations and Police Procedures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What must a Crown attorney prove in court?

  • The identity of the accused (correct)
  • The identity of the victim
  • The motive behind the offense
  • The location of the crime

    • Which of the following is NOT an objective of an investigation?

  • To gather all evidence, both for and against the accused
  • To establish grounds for arrest and laying charges
  • To prove the 'facts in issue'
  • To manipulate evidence to favor the accused (correct)

    • What is the purpose of using 'John and Jane Doe' in investigations?

  • To provide incorrect information to suspects
  • To identify unknown subjects or victims (correct)
  • To confuse the suspects
  • To protect the identity of victims

    • What is a common misconception related to tunnel vision in investigations?

    <p>It helps broaden the focus of investigations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to prove the 'facts in issue' during an investigation?

    <p>To seek the truth and gather relevant evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should police officers do within 24 hours of making an arrest?

    <p>Bring the suspect in front of a justice of the peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Latin term for 'guilty act', which refers to an act prohibited by law?

    <p>Actus Reus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reasoning involves theory development and observation of instances or experiments to test a hypothesis?

    <p>Inductive Reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Latin term for 'guilty mind', which refers to the required degree of criminal intent?

    <p>Mens Rea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) as a source of crime statistics?

    <p>It can be underrepresented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intent is typically required for the crime of unlawfully causing bodily harm or manslaughter?

    <p>General Intent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of forming a conclusion based on the analysis of findings and event reconstruction in an investigation?

    <p>Formation of a Conclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of homicides were committed by strangers?

    <p>16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered a person of interest in an investigation?

    <p>A person whose background, relationship to the victim or opportunity to commit the offense may warrant further inquiry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'reasonable grounds'?

    <p>A set of facts or circumstances that, if true, would lead an ordinary, prudent and cautious individual to have a strong belief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that cause investigations to fail?

    <p>Unclear goals and objectives, inadequate resources, and a haphazard approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the qualities of a good investigator?

    <p>Motivation, attention to detail, common sense, good judgment, decisiveness, perseverance, sincerity, and empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the victim-offender relationship in a homicide investigation?

    <p>It is important to consider the possibility that an unknown offender crime was committed by family, relatives, or an acquaintance of the victim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a victim and a witness in a crime investigation?

    <p>A witness is a person who has relevant knowledge of events under investigation, while a victim is any person against whom a crime is committed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gathering evidence in a crime investigation?

    <p>To gather evidence both for and against the accused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a suspect in a crime investigation?

    <p>A person who is linked to the crime by some incriminating evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a person of interest and a suspect in a crime investigation?

    <p>A person of interest is a person whose background, relationship to the victim or opportunity to commit the offense may warrant further inquiry, but no grounds exist to suggest their responsibility for the crime under investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Law

    • Federal law, Common law, and Case law are essential for an investigator.

    Investigation

    • An investigation is an official examination into the circumstances of an event, incident, or situation.
    • It may reveal that no actual event or wrongdoing ever occurred.
    • The objective is to seek the truth, gathering all evidence and relevant information using lawful methods.

    Facts in Issue

    • Who, what, where, when, and how are the elements of an offense.
    • Facts in issue are found in the relevant section of statute law.

    Types of Police Investigations

    • Known or alleged violation of statute law
    • Planned (information received from an informant about a crime)
    • Intended crime (e.g., suspicious vehicle parked in front of an empty house)
    • Proactive (being productive to prevent crimes)
    • Reactive investigations (reacting to a specific crime that has happened)

    Identity of Involved Offender(s)

    • Identity can be proven through name, date of birth, address, driver's license, physical appearance, and social media.
    • John and Jane Doe are commonly used when the names of subjects or victims are unknown.

    Crown Attorney's Role

    • The Crown attorney must prove the identity of the accused in court.
    • Establish grounds upon which to effect arrest, lay charge(s), or further the investigation.

    Tunnel Vision

    • Definition: A single-minded and overly narrow focus on a particular investigative or prosecutorial theory.
    • Cure: Have an open mind, and consider every point of view.

    Mens Rea and Actus Reus

    • Mens Rea: L. = guilty mind, required degree of criminal intent.
    • Actus Reus: L. = guilty act, an act prohibited by law.

    Investigative Process

    • Gathering of Information: Take statements, identify the suspect, and collect evidence.
    • Reconstruction of Events: Analyze findings and form a conclusion.
    • Inductive vs. deductive reasoning:
      • Inductive Reasoning: Involves theory development and observation.
      • Deductive Reasoning: Involves logical inference, event reconstruction, and application of forensic science.

    Motives for Crimes

    • Greed / Gain: Theft, robbery, arson, fraud, murder, kidnapping, drug-trafficking, etc.
    • Revenge: Assault, murder, threatening, mischief to property, etc.
    • Sex: Sexual assault, child sexual offenses, trespassing by night, etc.
    • Mental Disorder: Apparently motiveless crimes

    Categories of Crimes

    • Known Offender Crimes: More common and easier to investigate.
    • Unknown Offender Crimes: More difficult to investigate.

    Victim-Offender Relationship

    • 84% of homicides were committed by acquaintances of the victim.
    • 45% of homicides were committed by family members and relatives.
    • 16% of homicides were committed by strangers.

    Elimination of Persons of Interest

    • Statistical probability suggests initial investigation should focus on those closest to the victim or scene.
    • Eliminate family, relatives, acquaintances, and strangers simultaneously.

    Victims and Witnesses

    • Victim: Any person against whom a crime is committed.
    • Witness: Any person who has relevant knowledge of events under investigation.
    • All victims are witnesses, but not vice-versa.

    Persons of Interest and Suspects

    • Person of Interest: A person whose background, relationship, or opportunity to commit the offense warrants further inquiry.
    • Suspect: A person linked to the crime by some incriminating evidence.

    Reasonable Grounds

    • Defined: A set of facts or circumstances that, if true, would lead an ordinary, prudent, and cautious individual to have a strong belief.
    • Reasonable Grounds: Subjective Belief (officer's mind) and Objective Belief (independent person).

    Factors that Cause Investigations to Fail

    • Unclear goals and objectives
    • Inadequate resources
    • Unclear or non-existent chain of command
    • Haphazard approach
    • Failure to follow-up leads
    • Failure to exhaust all avenues of investigation
    • Terminating investigation before objectives achieved

    Requirements of an Investigator

    • Knowledge of statute and case law
    • Knowledge of investigative techniques and best practices
    • Training and experience
    • Ability to apply law and investigative methodology
    • Correct technique(s) in the correct sequence to achieve the highest probability of success

    Qualities of an Investigator

    • Motivation
    • Attention to detail
    • Common sense and good judgment
    • Decisiveness
    • Perseverance
    • Sincerity
    • Empathy

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on federal law, common law, case law, and how they impact investigations. Explore deductions, the definition of investigation, facts in issue, and types of police investigations.

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