Investigations/ Crime scene Definitions 7/16/2024

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Questions and Answers

Match the following definitions with their explanations:

Archivable Format = A method of recovering three-dimensional latent prints or questioned tracks Chain of Custody = The written record to the continuity of custody of items collected as physical evidence Casting = Long term storage or permanent capture of an image Best Evidence = The most desirable form of evidence for laboratory analysis

Match the following definitions with their explanations:

Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) = The examination of bloodstain patterns in a crime scene and/or on items collected for examination Bloodstain Pattern Interpretation = A computer-based system for reading, cataloging, searching, matching, and storing fingerprints and related data Ballistic IQ = Evidence IQ’s imaging software system that scans spent cartridge casings and uploads them into a gallery for comparison purposes Characteristics = The unique marks present on items of footwear and tires as a result of design, manufacture and usage

Match the following definitions with their explanations:

Comparison = The process by which an examiner compares characteristics in a latent print, inked print, or questioned track to characteristics in a known inked print, item of footwear, or tire for the purpose of establishing identity Contamination = The alteration of an exhibit by the introduction of foreign material Computer Forensic Investigator = Personnel who are trained in the collection and forensic processing of electronic and digital evidence Chain of Custody = The written record to the continuity of custody of items collected as physical evidence

Match the following definitions with their explanations:

<p>Bloodstain Pattern Interpretation = The examination of bloodstain patterns in a crime scene and/or on items collected for examination Characteristics = The pattern design formed by friction skin and the individual details of ending ridges, bifurcations, and dots Best Evidence = The most desirable form of evidence for laboratory analysis Computer Forensic Investigator = Personnel who are trained in the collection and forensic processing of electronic and digital evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their explanations:

<p>Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) = A computer-based system for reading, cataloging, searching, matching, and storing fingerprints and related data Ballistic IQ = Evidence IQ’s imaging software system that scans spent cartridge casings and uploads them into a gallery for comparison purposes Casting = A method of recovering three-dimensional latent prints or questioned tracks with plaster, rubber, waxes, or other non-shrinking substances for the purpose of preservation, transporting and comparative examination Chain of Custody = The written record to the continuity of custody of items collected as physical evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their explanations:

<p>Contamination = The alteration of an exhibit by the introduction of foreign material Best Evidence = The most desirable form of evidence for laboratory analysis Characteristics = The pattern design formed by friction skin and the individual details of ending ridges, bifurcations, and dots Computer Forensic Investigator = Personnel who are trained in the collection and forensic processing of electronic and digital evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their explanations:

<p>Bloodstain Pattern Interpretation = The examination of bloodstain patterns in a crime scene and/or on items collected for examination Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) = A computer-based system for reading, cataloging, searching, matching, and storing fingerprints and related data Comparison = The process by which an examiner compares characteristics in a latent print, inked print, or questioned track to characteristics in a known inked print, item of footwear, or tire for the purpose of establishing identity Chain of Custody = The written record to the continuity of custody of items collected as physical evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forensic terms with their definitions:

<p>NON RECOVERABLE IMAGE = Images developed on items of evidence as a result of forensic processing by methods which are considered recoverable PHYSICAL EVIDENCE = Any type of evidence having an objective existence QUALITY CONTROL = Planned actions used to provide confidence that a service will meet certain requirements RECOVERABLE IMAGE = Images developed on items of evidence as a result of forensic processing by methods which are considered non recoverable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their explanations:

<p>Best Evidence = The most desirable form of evidence for laboratory analysis Ballistic IQ = Evidence IQ’s imaging software system that scans spent cartridge casings and uploads them into a gallery for comparison purposes Casting = A method of recovering three-dimensional latent prints or questioned tracks with plaster, rubber, waxes, or other non-shrinking substances for the purpose of preservation, transporting and comparative examination Characteristics = The pattern design formed by friction skin and the individual details of ending ridges, bifurcations, and dots</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forensic terms with their definitions:

<p>ON CALL = A time when an analyst is continuously available to respond to a crime scene request but not actually on duty PRESERVATION = A method by which a latent print or questioned track is recovered for comparison with known inked prints, items of footwear or tires TRACE EVIDENCE = Material which may be transferred in small quantities between persons/objects when they come into contact with one another WORK ORDER = A request for laboratory processing/examination/analysis or reconstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forensic terms with their definitions:

<p>QUALITY ASSURANCE = Daily operational procedures designed to ensure quality results QUALITY CONTROL = Planned actions used to provide confidence that a service will meet certain requirements TECHNICAL CASEWORK REVIEW = Will include a thorough review of examiner’s notes that form the basis for the conclusion(s) in the formal report VERIFICATION = The independent opinion of another examiner as to an identification effected by a qualified analyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forensic terms with their definitions:

<p>QUESTIONED (UNKNOWN) SAMPLE = A material whose original source is not known QUETEL = Comprehensive digital evidence management system that stores digital images, videos, audio recordings, evidentiary documents, forensic images, and video enhancements SWEEPING = A procedure used to recover trace evidence TRACK = A mark left by an item of footwear or a portion of tire when it comes into contact with a receiving surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forensic terms with their definitions:

<p>PHYSICAL EVIDENCE = Material which may be transferred in small quantities between persons/objects when they come into contact with one another QUESTIONED (UNKNOWN) SAMPLE = A material whose original source is not known TRACE EVIDENCE = Any type of evidence having an objective existence WORK ORDER = A request for laboratory processing/examination/analysis or reconstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forensic terms with their definitions:

<p>ON CALL = A time when an analyst is continuously available to respond to a crime scene request but not actually on duty NON RECOVERABLE IMAGE = A method by which a latent print or questioned track is recovered for comparison with known inked prints, items of footwear or tires PRESERVATION = Images developed on items of evidence as a result of forensic processing by methods which are considered non recoverable RECOVERABLE IMAGE = A mark left by an item of footwear or a portion of tire when it comes into contact with a receiving surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forensic terms with their definitions:

<p>QUALITY ASSURANCE = The independent opinion of another examiner as to an identification effected by a qualified analyst QUALITY CONTROL = Will include a thorough review of examiner’s notes that form the basis for the conclusion(s) in the formal report TECHNICAL CASEWORK REVIEW = Daily operational procedures designed to ensure quality results VERIFICATION = Planned actions used to provide confidence that a service will meet certain requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forensic terms with their definitions:

<p>QUETEL = A procedure used to recover trace evidence SWEEPING = Comprehensive digital evidence management system that stores digital images, videos, audio recordings, evidentiary documents, forensic images, and video enhancements TRACK = A material whose original source is not known TRACE EVIDENCE = A mark left by an item of footwear or a portion of tire when it comes into contact with a receiving surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to crime scene investigation with their definitions:

<p>Crime Scene = A physical location where a crime has occurred and/or where any physical evidence related to a crime may be located. Evidence = The controlling, organizing, and planning of a crime scene examination. Crime Scene Management = Any item which may be used during a criminal proceeding. Crime Scene Examination = An investigative inspection of a crime scene to determine sequence of events and to collect/preserve physical evidence present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to crime scene investigation with their definitions:

<p>Crime Scene Technician (CST) = A non-sworn individual assigned to the Crime Scene Unit that is involved with identifying, collecting, preserving, processing evidence and latent prints, and transporting of evidence from crime scenes to the Crime Laboratory. Crime Scene Services = The service provided by the Crime Scene Unit to other divisions in the collection of evidence and processing of crime scenes. Court Charts = Photographic enlargements with labels designating location of scene, items in a scene or detail to aid in demonstrating the reconstruction of the crime scene to members of a court during legal proceedings. OSCAR360 = A device that enables high-precision 3D capture, measurement, and analysis across a variety of industries including manufacturing, construction, engineering and public safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to forensic examination with their definitions:

<p>Fabric Mark Examination = The comparison of textile imprints/abrasion patterns to known fabrics for the purpose of determining whether or not the imprint could have been produced by the fabric. Filament Examination = The examination of broken materials to determine whether they were at one time a single piece. Fracture Match Examination = The examination of incandescent lamps for the purpose of determining on or off condition at the time of an impact. _forensic Archaeology = The systematic recovery of surface skeletons or buried human remains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to forensic examination with their definitions:

<p>Inked Print = A deliberate and intentional recording of the friction ridge details present on the fingers, hands, and feet for the purpose of comparison to the latent prints or for personal identification records. Latent Print = An unintentional transfer by contaminants, natural body substances or pressure of friction ridge details present on the fingers, hands, and feet when an object is touched. Known Sample = A material whose original source is established. Lifting Materials = Materials with adhesive qualities, either transparent or opaque, used to recover two dimensional latent prints or questioned tracks from a surface for the purpose of preservation, transportation, and comparative examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to forensic examination with their definitions:

<p>Identifications = An opinion developed by an examiner when a sufficient number of characteristics are found to agree in both type and spatial relationship during the comparison of a latent print or inked print to a known inked print: or a questioned track to a known item of footwear or a tire. Evaluation = A determination by a qualified examiner that a latent print or questioned track contains sufficient characteristics to be compared to a known inked print, item of footwear or tire for comparison purposes. Examiner Notes = Handwritten notations, written or made by the analyst during the examination of the submitted items of evidence. Court Charts = Photographic enlargements with labels designating location of scene, items in a scene or detail to aid in demonstrating the reconstruction of the crime scene to members of a court during legal proceedings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to crime scene investigation with their definitions:

<p>Crime Scene Search = The structured and organized scrutiny of a crime scene. Crime Scene Management = The controlling, organizing, and planning of a crime scene examination. Crime Scene Examination = An investigative inspection of a crime scene to determine sequence of events and to collect/preserve physical evidence present. Crime Scene Technician (CST) = A non-sworn individual assigned to the Crime Scene Unit that is involved with identifying, collecting, preserving, processing evidence and latent prints, and transporting of evidence from crime scenes to the Crime Laboratory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to forensic examination with their definitions:

<p>Fabric Mark Examination = The comparison of textile imprints/abrasion patterns to known fabrics for the purpose of determining whether or not the imprint could have been produced by the fabric. Filament Examination = The examination of incandescent lamps for the purpose of determining on or off condition at the time of an impact. Fracture Match Examination = The examination of broken materials to determine whether they were at one time a single piece. OSCAR360 = A device that enables high-precision 3D capture, measurement, and analysis across a variety of industries including manufacturing, construction, engineering and public safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to forensic examination with their definitions:

<p>Latent Print = An unintentional transfer by contaminants, natural body substances or pressure of friction ridge details present on the fingers, hands, and feet when an object is touched. Lifting Materials = Materials with adhesive qualities, either transparent or opaque, used to recover two dimensional latent prints or questioned tracks from a surface for the purpose of preservation, transportation, and comparative examination. Inked Print = A deliberate and intentional recording of the friction ridge details present on the fingers, hands, and feet for the purpose of comparison to the latent prints or for personal identification records. Known Sample = A material whose original source is established.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to forensic examination with their definitions:

<p>Identifications = An opinion developed by an examiner when a sufficient number of characteristics are found to agree in both type and spatial relationship during the comparison of a latent print or inked print to a known inked print: or a questioned track to a known item of footwear or a tire. Evaluation = A determination by a qualified examiner that a latent print or questioned track contains sufficient characteristics to be compared to a known inked print, item of footwear or tire for comparison purposes. Examiner Notes = Handwritten notations, written or made by the analyst during the examination of the submitted items of evidence. Court Charts = Photographic enlargements with labels designating location of scene, items in a scene or detail to aid in demonstrating the reconstruction of the crime scene to members of a court during legal proceedings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to crime scene investigation with their definitions:

<p>Crime Scene Services = The service provided by the Crime Scene Unit to other divisions in the collection of evidence and processing of crime scenes. Crime Scene Technician (CST) = A non-sworn individual assigned to the Crime Scene Unit that is involved with identifying, collecting, preserving, processing evidence and latent prints, and transporting of evidence from crime scenes to the Crime Laboratory. Crime Scene Search = The structured and organized scrutiny of a crime scene. Crime Scene Management = The controlling, organizing, and planning of a crime scene examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Definitions in Forensic Science

  • Archivable format: long-term storage of an image, such as silver-based film or digital versatile disk recordable, for permanent capture.
  • Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS): a computer-based system for reading, cataloging, searching, matching, and storing fingerprints and related data.
  • Ballistic IQ: Evidence IQ's imaging software system that scans spent cartridge casings and uploads them into a gallery for comparison purposes.

Evidence and Crime Scene Investigation

  • Best evidence: the most desirable form of evidence for laboratory analysis.
  • Bloodstain pattern interpretation: examination of bloodstain patterns to determine the sequence of events that produced the patterns.
  • Casting: recovering three-dimensional latent prints or questioned tracks with plaster, rubber, waxes, or other non-shrinking substances for preservation and examination.

Forensic Analysis and Examination

  • Characteristics: pattern design formed by friction skin and individual details of ending ridges, bifurcations, and dots on items of footwear and tires.
  • Comparison: process of comparing characteristics in a latent print, inked print, or questioned track to characteristics in a known inked print, item of footwear, or tire.
  • Contamination: alteration of an exhibit by introducing foreign material.
  • Examiner notes: handwritten notations made by the analyst during the examination of submitted items of evidence.

Forensic Science Techniques and Tools

  • Fabric mark examination: comparing textile imprints/abrasion patterns to known fabrics to determine if the imprint could have been produced by the fabric.
  • Filament examination: examining incandescent lamps to determine if they were on or off at the time of an impact.
  • Fracture match examination: examining broken materials to determine if they were once a single piece.
  • Lifting materials: materials with adhesive qualities used to recover two-dimensional latent prints or questioned tracks from a surface.
  • Oscar360: a device that enables high-precision 3D capture, measurement, and analysis.
  • Quetel: a comprehensive digital evidence management system.

Forensic Science Principles and Standards

  • Chain of custody: written record of the continuity of custody of items collected as physical evidence.
  • Evaluation: determination by a qualified examiner that a latent print or questioned track contains sufficient characteristics to be compared to a known inked print, item of footwear, or tire.
  • Identification: opinion developed by an examiner when a sufficient number of characteristics are found to agree in both type and spatial relationship during comparison.
  • Preservation: method of recovering a latent print or questioned track for comparison with known inked prints, items of footwear, or tires.
  • Quality assurance: planned actions to provide confidence that a service will meet certain requirements.
  • Quality control: daily operational procedures designed to ensure quality results.
  • Verification: independent opinion of another examiner as to an identification effected by a qualified analyst.

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