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Questions and Answers
What type of immunity develops when the body makes its own antibodies in response to pathogen exposure?
What type of immunity develops when the body makes its own antibodies in response to pathogen exposure?
- Artificial immunity
- Herd immunity
- Natural immunity (correct)
- Passive immunity
Which type of immunity develops due to antibodies obtained from another animal?
Which type of immunity develops due to antibodies obtained from another animal?
- Artificial immunity
- Passive immunity (correct)
- Herd immunity
- Active immunity
What is the main purpose of vaccinations?
What is the main purpose of vaccinations?
- To provide immediate protection against pathogens
- To develop passive immunity
- To achieve herd immunity faster
- To help the body make its own antibodies (correct)
What is an example of how pathogens have evolved to evade immune mechanisms?
What is an example of how pathogens have evolved to evade immune mechanisms?
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In the evolutionary race between pathogens and hosts, what is a common strategy used by pathogens to escape host immunity?
In the evolutionary race between pathogens and hosts, what is a common strategy used by pathogens to escape host immunity?
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Study Notes
Types of Immunity
- Natural Immunity: occurs naturally when the body is exposed to a pathogen
- Artificial Immunity: acquired through vaccination or injection of antibodies from another animal
Active and Passive Immunity
Active Immunity
- Develops when the body makes its own antibodies in response to pathogen exposure
- Results in long-term immunity
Passive Immunity
- Develops due to antibodies from another animal
- Provides short-term immunity
- Can be acquired through vaccination or injection of antibodies from another animal
Importance of Vaccination
- Leads to Herd Immunity: when a sufficient percentage of the population is immunized, the spread of disease is prevented
Ethics of Vaccination
- Raises ethical concerns about the importance of individual freedom versus the greater good of public health
Risks of Vaccines
- May have side effects or allergic reactions
- Can lead to antigenic variability
Antigenic Variability
- The ability of pathogens to change their antigens to evade the host's immune mechanisms
- Examples include:
- Influenza Virus
- Tuberculosis
- HIV
- An example of the evolutionary race between pathogens and hosts
Evolutionary Race between Pathogens and Host
- Pathogens evolve to evade host immune mechanisms
- Hosts adapt to combat pathogens
- Antigenic variability is a key strategy used by pathogens in this evolutionary race
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