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Questions and Answers
A political system where power is passed on through one family is known as a ______.
Monarchy
In a ______ monarchy, elected officials perform the actual governing tasks while the royal family remains the symbolic head of state.
constitutional
A system where a family or clan maintains power for many generations is known as a ______.
political dynasty
A political system in which citizens periodically choose their government officials is called a ______.
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The political system that does not permit citizen participation in government decisions is referred to as ______.
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An institution that is responsible for making and enforcing the rules of a society is referred to as a ______.
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A political system with total control over nearly all aspects of citizens' lives is known as ______.
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Political kinship relates to individuals or families who have a ______ affiliation with one another.
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In a governance system, a body must be recognized by the people it intends to ______.
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Power that is legitimized according to tradition is categorized as ______ authority.
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The term ______ refers to political relationships that may extend beyond traditional kinship ties.
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Power that is granted based on the legal qualifications for a position is known as ______ legal authority.
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Legitimacy refers to the right of leaders to govern based on societal ______.
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The hierarchical system of relationships maintained in a political dynasty is known for its ______ succession.
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______ are influenced by the political affiliations of individuals and families within a community.
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A governing body must balance the satisfaction of the needs of its population while enforcing ______.
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Institutions involved in governance and political affairs are known as ______ institutions.
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A network of relatives within which individuals have certain mutual rights and obligations is referred to as ______.
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The law that dictates that a partner must be selected from one's own social group is known as ______.
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Children are categorized as members of all ancestors in a ______ descent system.
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Affinity refers to kinship by ______, establishing relations through marriage.
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The rule which states that a partner must be chosen from a different group is called ______.
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Institutions related to health and healthcare fall under the category of ______.
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A socially recognized union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations is known as ______.
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Study Notes
Types of Governments
- Monarchy: A political system where power is passed down through a single family.
- Constitutional Monarchy: The royal family serves as symbolic head of state, but elected officials govern.
- Democracy: Citizens elect officials to govern.
- Authoritarianism: Citizens lack participation in government.
- Totalitarianism: The government tightly controls all aspects of citizens' lives.
Aspects of Politics
- Power: The ability to influence others despite resistance.
- Authority: Legitimate power.
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Types of Authority:
- Traditional: Power legitimized by tradition (e.g., monarchy).
- Charismatic: Power legitimized by charisma (e.g., John F. Kennedy).
- Rational Legal: Power legitimized by qualification for a position (e.g., elected mayor).
- Legitimacy: The right of political leaders to govern based on societal values.
Political Participation
- Individuals and groups influence political decisions.
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Examples:
- Voting: Choosing officials in elections.
- Lobbying: Influencing government officials.
- Campaign/Advocacy: Actions aimed at achieving a specific outcome.
Economic Institutions
- Economy: The system for producing and distributing goods and services.
- Currency: Used for exchange.
- Customs: Shape societies by influencing how goods and services are exchanged and distributed.
Modes of Subsistence
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Food Foraging Societies: Rely on hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants.
- Characteristics: Mobility, small groups, equality, communal property, flexible gender-based labor.
- Food Producing Societies: Domesticated plants and animals during the Neolithic Revolution using stone tools.
- Pastoralism: Breeding and managing domesticated grazing animals in challenging environments (dry, cold, steep, rocky).
Forms of Marriage
- Monogamy: One spouse.
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Polygamy: Multiple spouses.
- Polygyny: One man with multiple wives.
- Polyandry: One woman with multiple husbands.
- Group Marriage: Multiple men married to multiple women.
Post-Marital Residency Rules
- Patrilocal: Residence at the husband's father's home.
- Matrilocal: Residence at the wife's mother's home.
- Ambilocal: Choice between patrilocal or matrilocal.
- Neolocal: Establishing a new household.
- Avuncolocal: Residence at the groom's mother's brother's home.
Ritual
- Kinship extends to individuals with religious, economic, or political ties, including friendship.
Compadrinazgo
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Godparenthood Complex: Emphasizes vertical or horizontal relationships.
- Padrinazgo: Spiritual parenthood.
- Compadrazgo: Ritual co-parenthood.
Family
- A group living together as a household, typically parents and children.
Household
- One person living alone or a group sharing living arrangements.
Types of Family
- Nuclear: Husband, wife, and children.
- Extended: Family living with relatives.
- Lone Parent: One parent with children.
- Reconstituted: Two adults with children from previous relationships.
- Transnational: Separated families.
- Same Sex: Family with two parents of the same gender.
- Blended: Family formed from previous relationships.
Political Kinship
- Kinship relations extending to those with political affiliation.
Political Dynasty
- A family or clan holding power for generations through political succession.
Political Institutions
- Government: The institution enforcing societal rules and regulating relations with other societies.
- Must be recognized by the people it governs.
Institutions
- Organizations founded for specific purposes (e.g., religious, educational, social).
- Established laws, practices, or customs.
- Organization, foundation, establishment, institute, center.
Types of Institutions
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Kinship | Network of relatives with mutual rights and obligations. |
| Health | Institutions related to health and healthcare. |
| Political | Institutions involved in governance and political affairs. |
| Education | Institutions focused on teaching and learning. |
| Economic | Institutions related to production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services. |
| Religious | Institutions centered around religious beliefs and practices. |
| Non-state | Organizations operating outside of a sovereign state. |
Social Institutions
The Family
Kinship
- Network of relatives with mutual rights and obligations.
Types of Kinship
- Blood: Based on genetic relatedness.
- Marriage: Based on a legal union.
Kinship Patterns
- People related by descent or marriage.
- Descent: Based on genetic relatedness.
- Marriage: Based on a legal union.
Descent
- Bloodline
- Descents
Family Tree Symbols
- Δ Male
- O Female
- Ego Subject of chart
- GrFr Grandfather
- GrMo Grandmother
- Fr Father
- Mo Mother
- Un Uncle
- Au Aunt
- Br Brother
- Z Sister
- Co Cousin
Descent Types
- Unilineal: Children belong to either mother's or father's group.
- Patrilineal: Children belong to the father's group.
- Matrilineal: Children belong to the mother's group.
- Bilateral: Children belong to both parents' ancestral groups.
Marriage
- Affinity: Kinship through marriage.
- Marriage Definition: A recognized union between spouses with rights and obligations.
Types of Marriage
- Endogamy: Selecting a partner from within one's social group.
- Exogamy: Selecting a partner from outside one's social group.
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Description
Explore the various types of governments and the essential aspects of political authority in this quiz. From monarchies to democracies, understand how power and legitimacy shape governance. Test your knowledge on political participation and the influence of different authority types.
