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Questions and Answers
What are the main epidemiological variables used to estimate the distribution of a disease in a population?
What are the main epidemiological variables used to estimate the distribution of a disease in a population?
- Morbidity and mortality
- Incidence and prevalence (correct)
- Sensitivity and specificity
- Positive predictive value and negative predictive value
Which of the following is a necessary condition for determining that an observed association is causal?
Which of the following is a necessary condition for determining that an observed association is causal?
- Biological plausibility
- Consistency of results
- Magnitude of effect
- Temporality (correct)
What may lead to causation in analytical epidemiology?
What may lead to causation in analytical epidemiology?
- Systematic error
- Random error
- Confounding
- Satisfaction of Hill’s causal criteria (correct)
Which type of error refers to non-random differences between comparison groups in analytical epidemiology?
Which type of error refers to non-random differences between comparison groups in analytical epidemiology?
What is the main focus of descriptive epidemiology?
What is the main focus of descriptive epidemiology?
What does analytical epidemiology aim to do?
What does analytical epidemiology aim to do?
What are the two main types of studies in epidemiology?
What are the two main types of studies in epidemiology?
What does descriptive epidemiology estimate?
What does descriptive epidemiology estimate?
What are the main variables used in descriptive epidemiology?
What are the main variables used in descriptive epidemiology?
What is a necessary condition for determining that an observed association is causal?
What is a necessary condition for determining that an observed association is causal?
What type of error refers to non-random differences between comparison groups?
What type of error refers to non-random differences between comparison groups?
What does descriptive epidemiology estimate?
What does descriptive epidemiology estimate?
What is the main focus of descriptive epidemiology?
What is the main focus of descriptive epidemiology?
What type of epidemiology raises and tests hypotheses about the causal relationships between health phenomena and their determinants?
What type of epidemiology raises and tests hypotheses about the causal relationships between health phenomena and their determinants?
Which type of error refers to non-random differences between comparison groups in analytical epidemiology?
Which type of error refers to non-random differences between comparison groups in analytical epidemiology?
"The study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specified populations, including the study of the determinants influencing such states" is a definition related to which concept?
"The study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specified populations, including the study of the determinants influencing such states" is a definition related to which concept?
What is a necessary condition for determining that an observed association is causal?
What is a necessary condition for determining that an observed association is causal?
What does analytical epidemiology aim to do?
What does analytical epidemiology aim to do?
What are the main epidemiological variables used to estimate the distribution of a disease in a population?
What are the main epidemiological variables used to estimate the distribution of a disease in a population?
What are the main variables used in descriptive epidemiology?
What are the main variables used in descriptive epidemiology?
What is a necessary condition for determining that an observed association is causal?
What is a necessary condition for determining that an observed association is causal?
What may lead to causation in analytical epidemiology?
What may lead to causation in analytical epidemiology?
Which type of error refers to non-random differences between comparison groups?
Which type of error refers to non-random differences between comparison groups?
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Study Notes
Epidemiological Variables and Disease Distribution
- The main epidemiological variables used to estimate the distribution of a disease in a population are person, place, and time.
Causal Association
- A necessary condition for determining that an observed association is causal is temporality.
Analytical Epidemiology
- Analytical epidemiology aims to identify the causes of health problems and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.
- Biases, confounding, and chance may lead to causation in analytical epidemiology.
- Selection bias refers to non-random differences between comparison groups in analytical epidemiology.
Descriptive Epidemiology
- The main focus of descriptive epidemiology is to describe the distribution of a disease in a population.
- Descriptive epidemiology estimates the frequency and distribution of a disease in a population.
- The main variables used in descriptive epidemiology are person, place, and time.
Types of Epidemiology
- There are two main types of studies in epidemiology: descriptive and analytical.
- Analytical epidemiology raises and tests hypotheses about the causal relationships between health phenomena and their determinants.
Definition of Epidemiology
- The study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specified populations, including the study of the determinants influencing such states, is a definition related to the concept of epidemiology.
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