88 Questions
What are the three cloud service models mentioned in the text?
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
What does Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provide?
Virtual machines, virtualized storage, virtualized networking, and systems management tools
What are the ways IaaS can be configured?
Using a graphical user interface (GUI), a command line interface (CLI), or application programming interfaces (APIs)
What philosophy is typically followed in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?
To keep costs down by allowing hardware to fail every now and then
Why should applications running on IaaS be robust and horizontally scalable?
To allow for failing hardware and increase performance
What is the primary responsibility of users in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?
Installing and maintaining the operating systems and application software
Why are applications running on IaaS expected to be horizontally scalable?
To increase performance and allow for failing hardware
What sets Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) apart from Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)?
SaaS requires users to install and maintain operating systems
Which cloud computing service model emphasizes delivering full applications to business users?
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
How does edge computing differ from traditional cloud or on-premises datacenter computing?
Edge computing involves compute and storage at the edge of the network.
What facilities are typically included in a datacenter?
Power supply, cooling, fire prevention, equipment racks
How were early datacenters different from modern ones?
Early datacenters were designed for large mainframe systems
What was the purpose of the raised floor in computer rooms?
To store and organize cables
How were individual terminals of end users connected to mainframes in early computer rooms?
Directly connected
Why were water cooling systems used in early mainframe systems?
To cool down the hot-running mainframe and peripheral equipment
What was the main component that filled up a fairly large computer room in the early days of datacenters?
A single mainframe and its peripheral systems
What is the approximate floor load capacity in office buildings, in kg/m^2?
500
Why is it important to keep data cables and power cables separated under raised floors?
To prevent interference between electrical current and data transmission
What is the purpose of vents in raised floors in datacenters?
To provide cool air flow to the racks
Why might some datacenters opt not to use raised floors?
All of the above
What is the recommended distance between one phase electricity and data cables under a raised floor?
20 cm
Why is it not desirable to have windows facing the computer room in a datacenter?
For fire safety and physical intrusion prevention
What should doors in a datacenter resist?
Forced entry
What should be the minimal width of doors in a datacenter?
1 m
What is a potential issue with air that is too humid in a data center?
Corrosion of metal parts
Why is it important to maintain the relative air humidity in a data center between 40% and 60%?
To avoid electro static discharge (ESD)
What can happen if the air in a data center is too dry?
Electro Static Discharge (ESD)
How can the number of dust particles in a data center be minimized?
By restricting access and requiring dust-free clothing for visitors
Why should the relative air humidity in a data center be carefully controlled?
To prevent corrosion of metal parts
What is the purpose of an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) in a datacenter?
To provide high quality electrical power independent of the utility power supply
What is the main function of the room with a large window looking into the computer room in a datacenter?
To spot unusual activity in the computer room
What is the key issue related to energy usage in datacenters?
The amount of power drawn by datacenters
What is the typical range of power density in a normal density datacenter?
2 to 6 kW/m^2
What type of power issue is typically caused by lightning strikes?
Spike
What is the primary role of CCTV cameras in a datacenter?
To spot unusual activity at all doors
Which kind of power issue involves frequency variations or waveform distortion?
Waveform issues
What does a high-density datacenter typically allow for in terms of servers per rack?
~40-80 servers per rack
What is the purpose of a window secured with shatter-proof material in a meeting room?
To ensure safety in case of breakage
What is essential to consider when designing a high-density datacenter?
Power supply and distribution to server racks
What purpose does a diesel power generator serve in a UPS installation?
Provide emergency power if the utility supply fails
What is the purpose of a battery powered UPS in a datacenter?
To provide power during power outages until the generator starts
What is the common lifespan of batteries in a battery powered UPS system?
5 to 15 minutes
Which type of UPS system uses a transformer between the utility power and IT equipment?
Line interactive UPS systems
What does a fuel re-circulation/filtration system for diesel generators help overcome?
Loss of calorific value in diesel
Why is it recommended to avoid locating a datacenter in a basement or ground floor?
To prevent flooding damage from incidents like broken water supply pipes.
Why is the ambient temperature relevant when considering the location of a datacenter?
To determine the cooling requirements and costs for the datacenter.
How does the presence of possible external hazards like fireworks storage affect datacenter location?
It may threaten the safety and security of the datacenter.
Why is it important for a datacenter to be close to emergency services like hospitals, police, and firefighters?
To minimize transportation time in case of emergencies.
How do windows impact the security of a building housing a datacenter?
They provide easy access points for unauthorized entry.
What is the significance of having two independent power providers for a datacenter?
It ensures an uninterrupted power supply in case of maintenance activities.
Why should a datacenter be located in a place with double power and data connections leaving from two different places?
To prevent any single-point failures in power and data connections.
Why is it advisable to have multiple paths available to the patch panels, floors, and end users within a datacenter building?
To enable redundancy and reduce the risk of disruptions.
How does shared building location affect a datacenter's operations?
It raises concerns about building evacuations and shared power shutdowns.
Why is it essential for a datacenter to have enough reliable power available?
To ensure continuous operations and prevent downtime.
Why is it beneficial for a data center to be close to an internet exchange point?
To enhance connection speeds and reduce latency.
Why should considerations about foreign countries be taken into account when choosing a datacenter location?
To ensure political stability, legal compliance, and reliable staff.
What is the purpose of having standardized 19" racks in datacenters?
To house servers, storage devices, and network equipment
In lights-out datacenters, what is a significant characteristic during normal operations?
No people are needed inside the datacenter
What type of datacenter category contains patch panels for connections to wall outlets in offices?
Sub Equipment Room (SER)
What defines a Multi-tenant datacenter category?
It provides services for multiple organizations
What term is used to describe cloud datacenters owned by large public cloud providers?
Hyperscaler datacenters
What investment did Google make in the Council Bluffs, IA datacenter alone?
$5 billion
What is a crucial consideration when choosing a location for building a datacenter?
Amount of available space for expansion
Why were traditional water cooling systems replaced in datacenters?
For better energy efficiency
What drove the increasing pace of innovation in datacenters?
Cloud service providers and large-scale datacenters running internet applications
What occurs when repairs or upgrades are needed in some very large datacenters?
Entire containers packed with servers are replaced
What is the main function of a Main Equipment Room (MER)?
Serving as an organization-owned datacenter with centralized IT equipment
What distinguishes Multi-tenant datacenters from other types of datacenters?
They are owned by service providers and serve multiple organizations
What is a key method used to minimize mechanical friction of the flywheel in an energy-efficient system?
Applying magnetic bearings
At what range of speeds do flywheels typically rotate in an energy-efficient system?
5,000 to 55,000 rotations per minute
What is the typical power generation duration provided by flywheels before they slow down significantly?
10 to 20 seconds
What component in a UPS system usually needs replacing every three to five years?
Batteries
What is the average lifespan of flywheels with regular maintenance as stated in the text?
30 years
What is one recommended practice for ensuring the immediate startup of diesel power generators according to the text?
Preheating the generators
Why are two power strips required to power equipment in a rack in terms of redundancy?
To connect to separate UPS systems
How does connecting one power supply of equipment to a UPS and the other to utility power help in case of UPS failure?
Avoids single point of failure
What is the relationship between EER and SEER?
EER measures efficiency at maximum load, while SEER uses seasonal data for measurement.
What is the purpose of a humidifier in CRAC and CRAH systems?
To control humidity levels
How does raising the temperature in a datacenter by one degree Celsius affect cooling costs?
Decreases costs by approximately 5%
What is the purpose of liquid cooling in large datacenters?
To increase CPU density
What is the normal range for the Coefficient Of Performance (COP) in cooling systems?
Between 3 and 10
How is airflow typically optimized to reduce hot spots in racks?
By blowing cold air through raised floors
What happens if infrastructure components in a datacenter exceed their maximum operating temperatures?
They automatically switch off to prevent damage
What does SEER measure that differentiates it from EER?
Summer efficiency
Why is it important for components in a datacenter to operate within their maximum temperature range?
To prevent damage or automatic shutdown
What is the main benefit of liquid cooling compared to air cooling in large datacenters?
Optimal cooling of system boards
What is the effect of using cold isles created by perforated tiles in datacenters?
Improved air flow and reduced hot spots
What does COP measure in a cooling system?
Cooling load in kW vs. energy input in Watts
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